2024年10月h1z1只能玩训练模式(h1z1怎么玩不了单人模式)
⑴hz只能玩训练模式(hz怎么玩不了单人模式)
⑵本文主要介绍hz只能玩训练模式(hz怎么玩不了单人模式)，下面一起看看hz只能玩训练模式(hz怎么玩不了单人模式)相关资讯。
⑶hz怎么玩单人模式室内设计由建筑设计的装修部分演变而来。它是根据建筑物的使用性质、环境和相应的标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观的满足人们物质和精神需求的室内环境。
⑷刚接触室内装修设计，需要学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识，CAD，D建模，这些都是需要学习的。
⑸室内设计所需的美术基础知识，包括透视、线描、构图、明暗、色彩等。进行简要介绍。因为是入门，限于篇幅，我提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：
⑹分钟快速掌握透视基础知识：
⑺除了以上信息，你也可以自己在网上找资料。例如，我想自学，哔哩哔哩等。都是比较自由的，而Qinxue.的专业部分需要付费给有进一步深入研究的读者。
⑻视觉上，近-大-远-小，近-宽-远-窄，近-长-短，近-实-远-虚的现象就是物理视角。
⑼透视包括一点透视、两点透视和三点透视。
⑽关于透视的具体讲解，也可以看视频课程。
⑾物体与画面平行，底部与地面平行，视线上有一个中心灭点的透视现象称为平行透视，它只有一个灭点，也称一点透视。
⑿物体的一边与地面平行，另一边与画面成一个角度，称为角透视，分别消失在剩余的两个点上，也可以称为两点透视。
⒀这种现象的前提是物体没有任何一个边或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成一个角度，会形成延伸现象，消失三分。又称三点透视，是高空间的透视现象。当物体在眼睛下方，也就是俯视物体时，灭点在水平线下方。反之，抬头看物体时，物体高于眼睛，灭点在水平线上方。
⒁消隐点：指三维图形的延长线延伸到消隐点的交点。
⒂任何一幅画都是由无数线条组成的。画线的时候要工整，不能太生硬。
⒃直线：直线是最常用的直线。可分为快线和慢线。慢线比较容易掌握，快线需要一定时间练习。快线展示的画面更具视觉冲击力，画面效果充满活力与灵动。
⒄竖线：竖线是一种很难画的线，在建筑、景观、规划中最常用。竖线要均匀分布到整个手臂，重点是增加手和纸的摩擦力。
⒅曲线：曲线取决于图片。如果画面很薄，为了避免歪或歪，会影响画面的整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式画出来。
⒆折线：折线是最难画的一种线。有以下三种情况。
⒇翻译：写的时候要把笔完全按在纸上，快速果断的画出来。
⒈线条：用宽笔尖画，每层颜色不要用太多线条。
⒉点：一般用来画植物、草原等地方，有活泼的画面氛围。画点的时候要注意把笔完全贴在纸上。
⒊扫：快速提笔，用笔触留下“尾”，多适合浅色。
⒋构图是构建画面的骨架关系，是将众多视觉元素进行有机的排列组合。从而达到视觉审美要求。
⒌是手绘构图中非常重要的基础环节。在深入描绘之前，要选择一个合适的视角，恰当、协调地安排绘画中各种对象的面积、位置、比例等关系，以及块与块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要在平衡中求变，在变化中求统一。
⒍有光的地方就有明暗。
⒎通常，当光线照射到物体上时，会产生一个受光面、一个背光面和一个反射面。我们称之为看到这整个场景关系光明和黑暗。
⒏作画时，要注意整幅画的明暗关系。在打好明暗分界线后，要用较浅的色调画出大致的明暗，借助大致的明暗来调整轮廓与造型的关系。
⒐辐射型的太阳能光源和照明一点的手持电光源都是直行的。
⒑物体离光源越远，光的影响越弱，颜色越深。这种性质在空气、水、玻璃等地方都不会改变。
⒒每个物体对光的反射率不同，物体的质感也会发生变化。反射率越低，颜色越深，反射率越高，颜色越亮。
⒓因为光线会反射，物体的橙色在地板上会变成淡蓝色。
⒔通过正方形剪出圆形的基本形状，表现出明暗的界限和投影的形状。
⒕布置暗部、投影和亮部的背景。画明暗分界线的时候注意用短直线来表现这个弧线。
⒖用浅色调统一暗部，然后从明暗界限处逐渐加强，使其在统一中找到变化。
⒗在调整过程中，需要对影响整体效果的地方进行修改，使画面节奏关系和谐统一。
⒘色相：表示颜色的特性，如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等。表示颜色外观的差异。
⒙亮度：表示颜色的强度，即亮度和深度。白色物体反射率最高，所以亮度最高，黑色物体则相反。
⒚纯度：即颜色的饱和度。当颜色不断与白色混合时，色相的明度会越来越高，而纯度会越来越低；如果颜色一直和黑色混在一起，纯度和明度会同时降低。
⒛蓝色、蓝色、紫色及其冷、理性、冷静的颜色，称为冷色。
橙色、黄色、红色以及它们的颜色会产生温暖、热情、兴奋、危险等感觉。我们称之为暖色。
充分利用这些特点，可以在一定程度上改变空间的尺度、比例、分隔和渗透，提高空间效果。
这些颜色的作用可以概括为：扩张色和收缩色，前进色和后退色，上升色和下降色。
暖色有膨胀感，冷色有收缩感：
设计小户型的房子，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更紧凑；而增加房间中膨胀色的比例，会让房间感觉更大。例如，白色、米色、原木色或淡黄色等柔和的浅色应用于墙壁、地板和大型家具。
暖色有进步感，冷色有后退感。
当空间过高，走廊过长时，可采用前进色，减少空间感；小户型选择高亮度地板，后退式彩色墙面，可以改善空间狭小的感觉。
浅色有上升感，深色有下降感。
利用色彩的起伏感，将色彩重心放在地面上，通过空间上的对比，可以让整体更简单清新。使用这种装修风格，小户型、高低层的公寓会让空间显得更大、更明亮。
一般来说，我们将室内色彩分为以下几类：
颜色：体积最小，通常是枕头、花瓶、绿色植物、陈设品等颜色。
搭配的时候可以用%原色，%二次色，%二次色的搭配比例。
同一空间的颜色不得超过三种，其中白色和黑色不算颜色比例。也就是说，如果墙面为白色，沙发、窗帘等大件家具的色彩比例可以达到%。
配色时需要使用色环，可以从相邻色、互补色、相近色、对比色中选择二次色和辅助色。
以一种色调作为整个室内色彩的主色调，可以达到宁静祥和的效果。在搭配单色调时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化来加强对比，或者可以适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调整，使空间更加和谐。
类似的配色就是选择两种或三种接近的颜色，如黄色、橙色、橙红色、蓝色、蓝紫色、紫色等。通过相近色和相邻色，来呈现更柔和的质感，调动明度和纯度的比例，实现高级别的质感搭配。
互补色也可称为对比色，由色环中的两种互补色搭配而成，如青色和橙色、红色和绿色、黄色和紫色。搭配时要避免:的等比配色，通过降低明度和亮度的对比效果，使柔和的色彩过于强烈，以至于变成“灰色”来获得沉稳高级的效果。
整个房子由黑色、灰色和白色组成。是很高级的配色形式，很沉稳优雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色，每一种高亮度色调也可以认为是无彩色。
学习CAD，首先要学习工具。只有学会了工具，你在做室内设计的时候才能灵活的画图。
下面，我简单介绍一下工具的使用方法。如果想要更详细的课程，可以看视频课程。
CAD课程基本工具的使用：
AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大的特点，在设计领域得到了广泛的应用。学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的一步。
CAD初学者需要了解操作界面的布局。只有了解了软件界面的布局，他们才能方便地与他人交流，进而了解各种教程和技巧，在操作过程中快速找到目标功能。
不同版本的CAD界面基本相似。在较低版本的AUTOCAD中，使用传统的菜单和工具栏界面，如下图所示。
后来和新版OFFICE软件一样的功能区功能面板界面，在CAD中做了改动，如下图。
其实两个界面没有太大区别。命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧的菜单项。
工具栏中有一些基本的、常用的功能，如打开、保存、打印等。方便用户随时快速调用这些功能。您可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，并将最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。单击后面的下拉箭头显示菜单。您可以检查要显示在顶部快速访问工具栏中的命令，或者单击“更多命令.”添加其他命令，如下图所示。
放置各种工具图标，调用CAD的各种功能，如绘图、编辑、管理等。以及默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选择卡。根据功能的频率和功能分类形成，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击选项卡切换到不同的选项卡。对于新手来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本够用了。
选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。例如，默认选项卡将包括一系列命令面板，如绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、属性等。每个面板由功能图标组成，有大有小。一些重要的或常用的功能被设置为大图标，而另一些被设置为小图标。
文件的显示名称。打开多个图形文件时，可以通过单击文件选项卡栏的名称来切换图形，也可以通过在选项卡上单击鼠标右键来保存和关闭图形。陈豪CAD版有此功能，AutoCAD版有此功能。
创建、显示和编辑图形的区域。简单来说就是我们画画的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上可以无限大，也可以无限小。我们可以在这个空间中绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。
命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史记录。初学者可以通过拖动上边界来增加显示的行数。注意命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。
与WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令(命令别名)来执行所有命令。命令也有参数和提示来指导我们完成下面的操作。起初，我们可能不记得命令，我们会单击功能区中的图标来执行命令。这时候也要注意命令行的提示，可以引导我们完成命令，可以更清楚的知道命令的参数和变化。
在CAD的高版本中，还增加了“自动补全”的功能。当我们输入字母时，会显示相关的命令。如果我们不记得完整的命令名，我们可以通过输入一两个字母来找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。
历史和命令行是一个整体，叫做命令行窗口，通常固定在底部，拖成浮动状态或者放在顶部，或者关闭。CTRL可以打开和关闭命令行。
CAD分为模型空间和布局空间。通常，模型空间用于绘图，布局空间用于布局和打印。布局涉及的概念很多，初学者可以暂时忽略，后面会详细介绍。
状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助，比如靠齐、极轴、网格等。这些工具可以通过状态栏快速打开和关闭。此外，还有一些功能按钮。
低版本状态栏按钮较少，可以切换到文本显示。高配版状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不到。你可以自己关闭其中的一些，如下图所示。
CAD中还有一些重要的界面控件，如属性面板、图层属性等。后面会介绍其中的一些。这里先说一下属性面板。您可以使用特征面板查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特征，这对您链接图形非常有帮助。属性面板可以根据需要打开和关闭，快捷键是CTRL。有时候双击一些图形也会打开属性面板，如下图所示。
我们可以看到，一个圆有一些常规的特征，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等。此外还有几何图形的参数，如中心坐标、半径、周长和面积高度。这些特征是CAD赋予图形的一些特征，可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形。这些常规特征的作用是我们学习CAD时必须掌握的。
常用的CTRL和ALT快捷键
替换TK，例如快速选择
ALT线性注释ALTVV快速创建四个视口
ALTMUP提取轮廓
Ctrl:网格捕捉模式控件(F)
Ctrl:将选定的对象复制到剪贴板。
Ctrl:控制是否实现自动对象捕捉(F)
g:网格显示模式控制(F)
Ctrl:重复前面的命令。
Ctrl:创建新的图形文件
Ctrl:打开“选项”对话框
p:打开打印对话框。
CtrlU:极轴模式控制(F)
Ctrlv:粘贴剪贴板上的内容
w:对象跟踪控制(F)
CtrlZ:取消上一步操作
:ctrl:打开属性对话框。
Ctrl:打开图像浏览器
Ctrl:打开工具选项板
Ctrl:打开图像数据原子
Ctrl或QC:快速计算器
QUA:捕捉到象限点
点头：捕捉到一个节点
NEA:捕捉最近的点。
AA:测量面积和周长(面积)
李：指定集体(个人)的坐标
AP:装入*lsp系统
AV:打开视图对话框(dsviewer)
SE:打开对象自动捕获对话框。
ST:打开字体设置对话框(样式)
所以：画一个d立体。
SP:拼音(拼写)检查
SN:光栅捕捉模式设置(捕捉)
DI:测量两点之间的距离。
w:定义块，保存到硬盘。
u:恢复上一次操作。
绘图步骤：设置图幅设置单位和精度设置几层设置对象样式开始绘图。
始终使用:的比例进行绘图。要更改图案的大小，可以在打印时在纸张空间中设置不同的打印比例。
为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色和线宽，而图元对的颜色、线型和线宽要按图层控制。
精确绘图时，可以使用网格捕捉功能，并将网格捕捉间隔设置为适当的值。
不要在同一张图中绘制图框和图形。在版面中插入图片框，然后打印出图片。
对于著名对象，如视图、图层、图块、线型、文本样式、打印样式等。命名不仅要简洁，还要遵循一定的规则，以便于查找和使用。
设置一些常用的设置，比如图层、标注样式、文字样式、网格捕捉等。在图形模板文件中(即另存为*。DWF)。以后绘制新图形时，可以在向导中点击“使用模板”创建新图形，打开它并开始绘制。
这里有一些练习用的图画示例。你可以看看。
dmax是一款专业的D建模工具，功能很多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。
打开dmax后，我们可以看到其界面主要包括菜单栏、主工具栏、功能区、视口、状态栏控件、动画控件、命令面板、时间标尺、视口导航和场景资源管理器个部分，如图所示。
菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以进行相应的操作。
主工具栏：提供了很多dmax中最常用的命令。
Ribbon:包含一套工具，可用于建模、绘制场景、添加角色。
视口：可以从多个角度显示场景，预览灯光、阴影、景深等效果。
状态栏控制：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。
动画控制：可以创建动画并在视口中播放。
命令面板：您可以访问提供创建和修改几何图形、添加灯光和控制动画等功能的工具。
时间标尺：可以拖动时间标尺查看动画效果。
Pet-nameruby视口导航：使用这些按钮在活动视口中导航场景。
场景资源管理器：在这个管理器中可以管理不同的对象。
菜单栏位于窗口的顶部，每个菜单的标题都指明了该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏主要包含个菜单项，分别是文件、编辑、工具、组、视图、创建、修改器、动画、图形编辑器、渲染、CivilView、用户自定义、脚本和帮助。
在文件菜单中，有很多操作文件的命令，包括新建、重置、打开、保存、另存为、导入、导出等。
在编辑菜单中，您可以编辑文件，如撤消、重做、临时存储、检索、删除、克隆、移动、旋转和缩放。
在[工具]菜单中，您可以对对象执行常见操作，如[镜像]、[阵列]和[对齐]。更方便的方法是在主工具栏中创建它们。
[组]菜单中的命令可以将多个对象组合在一起，也可以取消组合和打开组。
[视图]菜单中的命令用于控制视图的显示模式和视图的相关参数设置。
在[创建]菜单中，您可以创建模型、灯光、粒子和其他对象。更方便的方法是在[创建面板]中创建它们。
您可以在[修改器]菜单中为对象添加修改器，更方便的方法是在[修改面板]中添加修改器。
【动画】菜单主要用于制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。
【图形编辑器】菜单是dmax中图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-照片单】、【新建图形视图】等。
在【渲染】菜单中，可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。
CivilView]菜单
[CivilView]菜单是土木工程师和交通基础设施规划人员的可视化工具。
[自定义]菜单用于更改用户界面或系统设置。
可以在【脚本】菜单中进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。
在[帮助]菜单中，您可以学习dmax的帮助文件，了解新版本的功能，搜索dmax命令等。
主工具栏包括许多用于在dmax中执行常见任务的工具和对话框。主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下。这些工具按钮根据其具体功能大致可以分为类。
在dmax中某个操作出错时，可以点击“撤消”返回到上一个操作(快捷键为CtrlZ)，或者点击“重做”返回上一步。
有三种绑定工具，即选择并链接、断开当前选择的链接和绑定到空间扭曲。
[选择并链接]工具用于链接对象之间的父子关系，链接的子模型将随父模型移动。
[断开当前选择链接]工具的功能与[选择并链接]工具正好相反，可以断开链接的父子关系。
[绑定到空间扭曲]工具可以将粒子绑定到空间扭曲。
对象选择工具可以使用更合适的选择方法来选择对象。有五个对象选择工具，即过滤器、选择对象、按名称选择、选择区域和窗口/十字。
使用【滤镜】只能选择一种物体(如灯光物体)，不易出错。
[选择对象]工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象。按住Ctrl键进行加法运算，按住Alt键进行减法运算。
点击[按名称选择]按钮，打开[从场景中选择]对话框，您可以在其中按名称选择所需的对象。
有五种类型的选择工具，即矩形选择工具、圆形选择工具、栅栏选择工具、套索选择工具和绘制选择工具。您可以使用不同的选择区域形状来选择对象。
[窗口/十字]工具用于设置在框中选择对象时的选择方法。当[Window/Cross]工具处于突出状态(即非活动状态)时，所选区域只要接触到对象就可以被选中。当[Window/Cross]工具处于按下状态(即活动状态)时，所选区域必须完全覆盖对象才能被选中。
操作工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等。它们是一些非常常见的工具。
使用[选择并旋转]工具在三个轴中的任意一个轴上旋转：X、Y和z。
有三种[选择和缩放]工具，即[均匀选择和缩放]工具、[不均匀选择和缩放]工具和[选择和挤压]工具。
使用[选择并放置]工具将一个对象精确地放置在另一个对象的表面上，如地面上的凳子。
【参考坐标系】可以用来指定用于变换操作(如移动、旋转、缩放等)的坐标系。)，包括个坐标系：视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、通用、网格、工作空间、局部对齐和拾取。
【轴心】工具包括【使用轴心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具，可以用来设置模型的轴心位置。
使用[选择和操纵]工具，通过拖动[操纵器]来编辑视图中的修改器、控制器和一些对象的参数。
使用[键盘快捷键覆盖切换]工具在仅使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组快捷键(如编辑/可编辑栅格、轨迹视图、NURBS等)之间切换。).
精确工具可以在创建模型时使模型更加精确，包括捕捉开关，角度捕捉开关，百分比捕捉开关与微调器捕捉开关。
【捕获切换】工具包括D捕获工具、.D捕获工具和D捕获工具。
[角度捕捉开关]工具可用于指定捕捉角度(快捷键是A键)。激活此工具时，角度捕捉将影响所有旋转变换，默认情况下，它将以的增量旋转。
【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以捕捉对象缩放到自定义的百分比(快捷键为ShiftCtrlP)。在缩放状态下，默认缩放百分比为每次%。
[TrimmerSnapSwitch]工具可用于设置单击修剪器的增量或减量。
选择类工具包括[管理选择集]工具和[创建选择集]工具。
“管理选择集”工具可以命名一个或多个对象。选择一个对象后，点击[管理选择集]按钮打开[命名选择集]对话框，可在此命名所选对象。
管理选择集，然后单击创建新集以创建新集。这时可以点击这个工具选择一个集合，如图。
对齐工具有【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两种工具比较常用，可以精确的复制和对齐模型。
使用镜像工具围绕轴镜像一个或多个重复对象。
对齐工具可以以某种方式对齐两个对象。用鼠标左键按住对齐工具。有六种类型的对齐工具，即对齐工具、快速对齐工具、正常对齐工具、放置高光工具、对齐相机工具和对齐视图工具。
【快速对齐】可以立即将当前选中对象的位置与目标对象的位置对齐。
【法线对齐】根据每个对象的面或所选的法线方向对齐两个对象。
【放置高光】您可以将灯光或对象与另一个对象对齐，以便准确定位其高光或反射。
【对齐摄像机】摄像机可以与所选的平面法线对齐。
[对齐视图]可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图对齐。
资源管理器工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换图层资源管理器】工具，可以分别管理场景资源和图层资源。
[切换场景资源管理器]该工具可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性的其他功能。
[切换层资源管理器]工具可以用来创建和删除层，也可以用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与它们相关联的对象。
切换功能区、曲线编辑器和图表视图可以调出三个不同的参数面板。
【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，这是一种新的多边形建模方式。点击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮，调出【建模】工具栏，如图所示。
[曲线编辑器]按钮可以打开[轨迹视图-曲线编辑器]对话框。[曲线编辑器]是一种[轨迹视图]模式，你可以用曲线来表示运动。
【图形视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见的场景关系。
[材质编辑器]工具可以完成材质和贴图的设置。
类工具包括渲染相关的三种工具，分别是渲染设置、渲染框架窗口和渲染产品。
【渲染设置】按钮(快捷键为F)可以打开【渲染设置】对话框，所有渲染设置参数基本都在这个对话框中完成。
[渲染帧窗口]按钮可打开[渲染帧窗口]对话框，在该对话框中，您可以执行诸如选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。
工具有三种类型：[渲染产品]工具，[渲染迭代]工具和ActiveShade工具。
单击主工具栏中的(切换功能区)按钮，调出并隐藏功能区。名为out的功能区用于多边形建模，如图所示。
dmax界面中最大的区域是视口。默认情况下，视口由四部分组成，分别是顶视图(快捷键T)、前视图(快捷键F)、左视图(快捷键L)和透视图(快捷键P)，如图所示。
比如在正视图中点击右上导航条左侧的小图标，模型会向左拐，视图的左上侧会变成【正投影】。如果想再次切换回【前视图】，只需按快捷键F即可切换回来，如图。
点击视图左上方的四个按钮，会分别弹出四个对话框，可以让我们显示网格、切换其他视图、设置光照和阴影、设置模型显示模式，如图所示。
位于状态栏的轨迹栏下方，提供所选对象的数量、类型、变换值、网格数等信息，状态栏可以根据当前光标位置和当前程序活动提供动态反馈信息，如图。
mini-listener:maxscript语言的交互式翻译器，类似于DOS命令提示符窗口。
状态栏：在这里你可以显示几个对象被选中。
提示行：这里将提示我们如何操作当前使用的工具。
隔离当前选择开关：单击该按钮仅选择该对象。
选择锁定开关：点击此按钮锁定对象，其他对象将不会被选中。
绝对模式变换输入：点击切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。
相对/绝对转换输入：您可以在此处输入X、Y和Z后的数值。
自适应降级：启用该工具，操作场景时会更流畅。
网格：此处显示网格值。
时间标签:单击以添加和编辑标签。
动画控件位于状态栏的右侧。这些按钮主要用于控制动画的播放效果，包括关键点控制和时间控制，如图所示。
命令面板由个用户界面面板组成。使用这些面板，您可以找到dmax的大多数建模功能，以及一些动画功能，显示选择和其他工具。一次只能看到一个dmax面板。六个面板是创建面板、修改面板、层次面板、移动面板、显示面板和实用程序面板，如图所示。
进入创建面板，包括几何体、图形、灯光、相机、辅助对象、空间扭曲、系统七个对象，如图。
几何：用于创建几何模型，如长方体、球体等。
图形：用于创建样条和NURBS曲线，如直线、圆、矩形等。
灯光：用于在场景中创建灯光，如目标灯光和泛光灯。
相机：用于在场景中创建相机。
辅助对象：用于创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。
空间扭曲：用于创建空间扭曲对象，通常与粒子一起使用。
系统：用于创建系统的工具，如骨骼、圆形阵列等。
[修改]面板用于修改对象的参数，也可以给对象添加修改器。
在“层次”面板中，可以访问用于调整对象之间层次链接的工具。通过将一个对象链接到另一个对象，可以在对象之间创建父子关系，包括轴、IK和链接信息。
[运动]面板中的参数用于调整所选对象的运动属性。
[Display]面板中的参数用于设置场景中受控对象的显示模式。
【实用工具】面板包括几个常用的实用工具，如折叠、测量等。
【时间标尺】包括两部分：【时间轴滑块】和【轨迹栏】，如图。
时间轴滑块：位于dmax界面的底部，拖动时可以设置当前帧的位置，或者单击左箭头图标和右箭头图标向前或向后移动一帧。
轨道：位于【时间轴滑块】下方，用于显示时间轴中的帧数以及关键点添加的位置。
视口导航控制按钮位于状态栏的最右侧，主要用于控制视图的显示和导航。您可以使用这些按钮缩放、平移和旋转活动视图，如图所示。
缩放：使用此工具，通过在透视视图或正交视图中拖动光标来调整对象的大小。
视野：使用此工具设置视野的透视效果。
缩放所有视图：使用此工具同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。
平移视图：使用此工具将选定的视图平移到任意位置。
最大化显示所选对象：使用该工具可以在该视图中最大化显示所选对象，快捷键为z。
环绕子对象：使用该工具使当前视图旋转。
在所有视图中最大化显示选定对象：使用此工具在所有视图中最大化显示选定对象。
最大化视口切换：单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。
显示降级自适应(开关)[O]
适应透视网格[Shift][Ctrl][A]
排列[alt][a]
动画模式(开关)[n]
背景(切换)[Alt][Ctrl][B]
切换到摄像机视图[C]
切换到大用户视图[U]
更改循环选择模式[Ctrl][F]
默认灯(开关)[Ctrl][L]
当前视图暂时无效[D]
是否显示几何体框(开关)[Ctrl][E]
显示第一个工具栏[ALT][]
专家模式开关[Ctrl][X]
获取场景[Alt][Ctrl][F]
显示/隐藏摄像机[Shift][C]
显示/隐藏网格[G]
显示/隐藏助手[shift][h]
显示/隐藏灯光[Shift][L]
显示/隐藏空间扭曲对象
锁定用户界面(开关)[Alt][]
匹配相机视图[Ctrl][C]
最大化当前视图(切换)[W]
新场景[ctrl][n]
轻轻按下网格键盘[-]
轻轻向上推网格键盘[]
NURBS曲面显示模式[Alt][L]或[Ctrl][]
调整NURBS网格[Ctrl][]
调整NURBS网格[Ctrl][]
捕捉[Alt][Ctrl][Space]
平移视图[ctrl][p]
交互式全景视图[I]
播放/停止动画[/]
快速渲染[Shift][Q]
回到上一个场景，做[Ctrl][A]
按[shift][a]键返回到上一个视图*
撤消场景*为[Ctrl][Z]
撤消视图*为[shift][z]
使用以前的参数渲染[Shift][E]或[F]
为渲染配置[Shift][R]或[F]
xy/yz/zx锁定中的周期变化[F]
所选对象的透明显示(切换)[ALT][X]
选择父对象[向上翻页]
选择子对象[PageDown]
根据名称选择对象[H]。
选择(开关)[空格]
缩小所选对象的面(开关)[F]
显示所有视图网格(切换)[shift][g]
显示/隐藏命令面板[]
显示/隐藏浮动工具栏[]
显示/隐藏主工具栏[Alt][]
显示/隐藏所选对象的括号[J]
显示/隐藏工具栏[Y]/[]
百分比捕获(切换)[Shift][Ctrl][P]
通过循环捕捉点[Alt][Space]
更改为灯光视图[Shift][]
更改循环子对象层级[Ins]
子选择(切换)[Ctrl][B]
纹理校正[Ctrl][T]
激活动态坐标(开关)[X]
输入准确的转换量[F]
根据名称显示隐藏的对象[]
显示几何外部框架(开关)[F]
使用框来弹出几何图形(切换)[shift][b]
打开虚拟现实数字键盘[]
虚拟视图向下移动数字键盘[]
虚拟视图向左移动数字键盘[]
虚拟视图将数字键盘向右移动[]
将数字键盘移动到虚拟视图[]
虚拟视图放大数字键盘[]
虚拟视图缩小数字键盘[]
场景中的实体显示几何图形(切换)[F]
所有视图显示所有对象[Shift][Ctrl][Z]
*窗口缩放到选定的对象范围(范围)[e]
缩放范围[alt][ctrl][z]
将窗口放大两倍[Shift]数字键盘[]
缩小窗口两次[Shift]数字键盘[-]
根据框选择放大[Ctrl][W]
交互式窗口放大[[]
交互式窗口缩减[]]
前一个时间单位[；】
下一个时间单位[；】
展开对象并切换[o]
函数曲线模式[F]或[F]
锁定选定的对象[空间]
轻轻向左移动关键帧[]。
轻轻向右移动关键帧[]
回到上一个场景，做[Ctrl][A]
撤消场景*为[Ctrl][Z]
使用以前的配置渲染[F]
向下折叠[Ctrl][]
折叠[Ctrl][]
使用以前的配置渲染[F]
撤消场景*为[Ctrl][Z]
下一个时间单位[；】
前一个时间单位[；】
回到上一个场景，做[Ctrl][A]
锁定工具栏(停靠窗口)[Space]
Sketchup是一款主要针对室内外、园林设计等的d设计软件。而且经常被很多设计师称为素描大师，因为在精细度上和其他D模型相比有些差距，但也是一款直观、灵活、易用的软件。
如果我们想掌握一款软件，掌握软件的基础知识很重要。比如sketchup软件的基本工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要有，二维绘图工具，比如画直线、矩形、圆、圆弧、多边形和手绘线，然后是模型编辑工具，比如移动、旋转、缩放、推拉、路径跟随、偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。然后是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后是相关的引导人的眼睛和侧面的命令。
以下是关于“观察周围”或使用：
打开SketchUp文件，单击工具栏，然后单击动态观察命令。在界面中用鼠标左键拖动可以实现轨道观测。
第二步。在其他工具下，如果想观察周围，可以按鼠标中键，上下左右拖动界面。也可以四处观察。
第三步：居中展示。在任一工具下，单击鼠标滚轮以在中心显示单击位置。
第四步：点击工具栏上的手，即平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，即可实现画布的平移。
第五步。在其他工具下，按住shift和鼠标中键拖动对象或画布，同样可以实现画布的平移。
第六步：按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动则缩小显示界面。这个功能也可以通过向前或向后滚动滚轮来实现。
第七步。点击缩放范围会使界面中的所有对象填满整个界面。这个功能的快捷键是ctrlshifte或者另一个快捷键shiftz也可以实现这个功能。
第八步，这两个命令是向前或向后恢复视图。
关于sketchup基本工具的详细介绍，可以看看视频教程：
Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】:
以下是sketchup模型。
我们的总体景观规划确定后，就可以根据具体尺寸把规划放在cad上了。
如图，但是图的cad化的平面，最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的，简化后的cad线稿，如图。
命名不能用中文，因为汉字和字母的算法不一样，SU可能识别出错。
将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件，可能是用天正等软件绘制，导入SU后会消失。
删除一些影响平面整体性的线
再删除字体、标高，雕塑，景石，坐凳，灯具，铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。
SU是在一个平面上面建模的，所以线条需要统一标高。
将所以线条归在同一个图层，方便后面清理cad。
清理cad其他图层，目的减少cad内存，导入su的时候不占太多内存。
SU开始界面，会让我们选择一个模板，这里以版本为例，我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。
SU导入cad的时候，会出现一个窗口，右边选项，记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图
一般需要用到插件（胚子库来封面，可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图
Su有正反面之分，正面为白色，反面为蓝色，模型外面需要是正面，为了导入lumion渲染的时候，可以识别，lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。
按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件，目的是为了方便后期修改，不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。
材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用，也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图
模型大体完成，这样就可以进入lumion渲染，如果目前只需要su出图的话，再进行第五步
放置植物，人物，小品
SU出图效果也不错，放置一些植物，人物，小品来营造氛围
植物配置方式有多种形式，总结来说就是二个字“层次”。
关于sketchup建模的课程，大家可以看看以下视频学习以下：
最简单的D建模软件：
从到，手把手带你学会SU建模：
掌握快捷键知识，可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便，相对来说是一种进阶的知识。
《建筑装饰制图与识图（第版》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用，介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例，便于读者对照学习。
《中文版dsMax实用教程》
《dsMax+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》
《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。
室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。
由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。
需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。
由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。
在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。
与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。
设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；
隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；
给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；
电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；
暖通：系统、空调布置
现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。
工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。
这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。
自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点，与之不同的是，北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主，偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合，就形成了经典的美学。
随着审美的发展，设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格，这种复古潮流一般是从世纪下半叶中找寻灵感，常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。
地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征，与蓝色和绿色形成对比，代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料，如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目，此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。
极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁，体现了“少即是多”的主张。
中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰，装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。
中式装修在选材上也很是讲究，因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分，大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋，这样既温馨自然，也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。
在装饰品方面，最好都有中国元素在里面，像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择，还可以加入一些盆栽，使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局，讲究对称美，中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。
新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。
中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间，不会有中式那种沉闷，也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是，不奢华，又不失品味。每一个房间，甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。
整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；
功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；
审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；
技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；
经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达到所需目的。
学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。
《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬
本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会
《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽
这篇实用指南为你提供种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。
《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳
本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。
室内设计零基础入门教程
cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】
除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等
%Chowto_content%E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmMadQeYoWSUCxjPcgAfvnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsakdsIKoiiUxmQAczsfBnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AWduoIWowUuUxokZczKEnpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DSKdqeiwoIucyxqgsscTAfxnC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUqdaywoGKaIxiQNkcjxGunc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcqdYceGoykkxOiJycSmspnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条画法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaomdquaoIsOOxEBgkcwMuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IdGgOogMxeKlbcJTsLnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGqGdQyWoMwQwxuEnckppngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQModekMUoiuexiCkncDnkOnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGIQdOgMSooSAxctQpcbsmnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GegdYacoGmKexgbWcIUcanb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视的基本原理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgcKdYowgIxjllnEEnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OwwdckSoSOeOxGZcRlQHnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OqdokSAomykxaPnOBunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgUidQcyoGQaxRcDiJnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描透视的认识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgdCgIoUSGxaUUcLuxnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平行（一点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYQudiUyoEMcIxOIlgcLind"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PAEYdAeQgoYmgxQLcAXyhnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成角（两点透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOyduMuoymgxxcPYgntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KecEdEEQoYoxSGhucoiRnOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMEodUcGoMSukxgRocBLzXnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUuedyouuoGacxmAEuJnzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqkdIQMUowiOUxwpGxcPtLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点视","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"NCwdMqquoYYsxBBuTcGqVnbn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQwdyGYkooWSxYjEUcbTonGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgmSdmoEuKxssBcUlkDnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMmUdKQQoyeMmxwpGHcLSZKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMmduOSooYMuixkVTOcmbnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"TQcqdCOgoOYWcxuWtUcVWnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"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ren":[{"type":"text","text":"小户型房屋设计的时候，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更加小巧；而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大，比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAwEdiouUSExozhcxYhznYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"TYeEdYkUSoeIQoxbjUUHPVnnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmIUdgKaOoUexAFzucizssng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"OGEdQGQeooKAxmlcmcZQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqucdsSWuxkyrclAhPnb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"UQgdekwosYexRxAcrGWnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkkUdoUKoskxIgKcfsQOnB"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"EdsCmosAuxCaFcHqQndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FqQdqyyKouSGxqgffcwOjWnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"QESOdCImoYgxEXSXcDanHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcSdSooucGxwTucJHJynkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsWdoeSoMaOgxFtcKASnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyGYduoSoGIxWuZcqxnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWekdEWoogiwxOQDemoUnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAUQdGIiiogywmxVncJERnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搭配时可以采用主色彩占%，次要色彩占%，辅助色彩占%这样一个搭配比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUEQdQieoIcaYxoxQUcMkVnac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"WMKEdSgYEogsMexyNocXuUMnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEOdaYqoIeGixHMcpwAnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IgodaMoMUxuSXWcxKnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqcadgIkSoKukKxOGWNhwVntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuOidyqomoeWuxYincSbinnc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"SmKgdcaQoKSqwxUtlcHzxnVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWgdmWAwosOQkxMvTacDVrnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、单色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwSCdWcoOcSuxHcESZanXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYwdoSokAxcFrPcikMnRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"WKyGdaaqogeUUxotMtcATnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、相似色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKmedGGomqxCUyWcAncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQGdiowwoaicmxudZcsVOQnfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"CqsOdOioeKOkxOooscPdTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、互补色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSodWguooOxCaokcandq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免:等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TuwdicMoAKgqxmEMWcylUknsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"MeKodUYOwoOUsWxcFpcAJgnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、无彩色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwiMdIeoMixIfGcZZflnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KmdMKoOCKQxqgJwcFIKneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","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en":[{"type":"text","text":"、【图形编辑器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcOdGkwwKSxeiwcjyHLnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图形编辑器】菜单是dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAuAdkoGYOAxyMfucvBQFnTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"CkWdWKUoSWuxgHrcAUMnnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、【渲染】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQumdmcsowEyxQRapcxgnTl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWoAdUeKaoqKqcxoDMcmgKPnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、【CivilView】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKsgdiIAoQexMHocMHfnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【CivilView】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAoGdgoyQEoxhaaYctrnLq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、【自定义】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwaYdYooUqxYbecWnTnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCqedCescoWWGExIxTtQXnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"PCSdUaMUoicySxMfjpcrCJnEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、【脚本】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgsdiGoEwWxNDGcYwnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RMadgMYoYOxYRtcGbynne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、【帮助】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsUdSUOwogGoxCuPocOyZnpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【帮助】菜单中可以学习dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索dmax命令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ESEdyamosuxTvThwiZnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"BWsduomAooSxqmJcLsnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QGdymUouEGxXejczpuHncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏中包括了很多dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMadcuGoKWxmgMEcTPbAnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、撤销和重做工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZckcdosoCoeqsxsgBIGnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z，也可单击重做向后返回一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYadGUsoCmUxwAbcdgqnyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、链接绑定类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcGwdowSsowyycxjxScSidn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"链接绑定类工具包括个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MaWdoGCmoSimxeeVcXinje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WcdgOguomaEQxjKXcaWLnqr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISSduKWwoQMGxGikrcFXyQngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaIOdwoKokWuQxkNbcXKZBnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、对象选择类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgadueOoOEmwxoDvcdWSNnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQdoimoMwYixmCwcjLynQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象，不容易操作出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKYudomoKkagxQVcIPynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HkeqdquAoumQMxMBEchlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUGqdKWqSoikcxuqScKDIbnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择区域工具包含种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TqwdMcOoiOIgxuJNcATsbnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOEgdUKoqUWYxYtNtcdhlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、对象操作类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKIodiCOoSgcmxYkxcIQUGnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKyydAMeoOSUxgHjecDrlKnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YeikdouKoMqMAxxtEllnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并缩放】工具包含种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYoMdGkuoeUCxhhPcVhjnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSedOsEQoaCAixoDpcputnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取种坐标系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIsdcGAuoYUmuxnNwcWGnQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OscWdGkoGiexMXacXTne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GcsdGioogGwxAncScRfwMne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等快捷键之间进行切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQmcdsEsogcuxYNebcKnYhnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、精准类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWdKsUoIWKsxgdOBBnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEuudiIuoAmyWxwpcocxbwnNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【捕捉开关】工具包括【D捕捉】工具、【.D捕捉】工具和【D捕捉】工具种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MCmdMegoykosxLSBucreSLnEV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以°为增量进行旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUEqdMOmokiixUdiYcRbFnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P，在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMmmdumskouymxuWTlcJcRanSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQgidKYcooUkxsYKFcsulnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、选择集类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWOIdCOeoAxKAKcVHOfne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdWGYuoIQxgtRacvZvnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkCqdgQeowkumxkPcPQIpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VAgdIICoSqixAXYBcMUEjnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、镜像对齐类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkodGiKoEymcxfsQZcihAnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UeuKdQGiyoqqUxukOceMebnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MUdaAwAoSaxOEjcyEynIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmyOdcSmWocSmxoFlcSSFJnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SagkdSgoeMKxYHcFwfwnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGQduooMmmsxAxBacXKeznzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FigEdsuEcoAqCMxeifBcSDnle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WcqdoscoKsmxgyhcjFSnKz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaySdOcySowsicxmSTcZbAwnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、资源管理器类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YyWdAmOyoquexKAZcGUPjnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WGdSycoiYQuxsntcqaxynDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgOdSqocIYxWcDXckEnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcdogiEoQuMcxwxalcpfyVnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、视图类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FywdkGwoWSUWxlLStcsjajnwt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这个工具可以调出个不同的参数面板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIicdYkQQooIKxuYLyVYwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSoadkkYoaYyxgLXYcVMnYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"HcEdmqqOoWsIqxqknTcAPZvnye"},{"type":"paragra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,"id":"EOMQdUYosqxoMLcgBnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GydYgmooSuyxuQcfwZnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgEdskKOosSSxkTotcmaEnxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcadAoQoawAqxMFcmPaJnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达到所需目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSdqqIeoykoUxQbicmnZBnJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGkWdKemsoqseAxvVcGuaWn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkcdmqqoymSxATkscsnund"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PsUdSmMociCxesFczresnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、《色彩构成》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOYkdyKmoGWyxYRcDcrJnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOsudaaQQoGqKxtgcTBFnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FecduWwoEisaxoFgcyaHDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOUEdcKqQoeOqxeIbcZyRgntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇实用指南为你提供种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYSdYaMioOxCurjcJWFnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYadYaOMoAkqCxfGycgoZNnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkIdMQOoiScsxIUFNcAUfvnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUkWdGIEgooYUMxWFBcBqeHnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计零基础入门教程","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HaqcdcgioSuixKKkxcjXAnn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEdYGcoyQkCxGCkWcbHnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彻底学会DMAX","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqQIdWmWoacasxaiGqcWeFJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkSsdYGYowWixkjPcEfnEh"}]%C%Fhowto_content%E.hz怎么玩不了单人模式
将自己的游戏等级升高之后。就可以解锁到单人模式
pyd是一个hz的战队，yt是队长，队员有斯翔，th，em，小安，走黯。其中斯翔人气最高。
焊工操作证是焊工作业必须持有的证件，具有极强的法律效应。焊工操作证也称为焊工上岗证，是由应急管理厅(原安监局)颁发的，像身份证一样大小，是IC卡形式的。
焊工证属于特种作业操作证，又称熔化焊接与热切割作业操作证。证书全国通用，是由安监局进行颁发的正规证书。证书每三年一审，六年一换。证书类型（IC卡片类似身份证。焊工操作证不分等级，一般只要是从事金属焊接切割作业(电焊、气焊、弧焊、电焊气割)等工作，都是领取同一种焊工操作证，不需要细化，证书带磁卡，全国通用。
国家文件明文规定企业聘用人员必须持此证，焊工等级资格证：俗称焊工等级证，是由人力资源与社会保障局简称为人社局，也就是以前我们常说的劳动局颁发的。焊工职业共设五个等级，分别为：
初级（国家职业资格五级中级（国家职业资格四级高级（国家职业资格三级技师（国家职业资格二级高级技师（国家职业资格一级。这个证是按照焊接工龄，技术水平的因素综合鉴定的。
年满周岁且符合相关工种规定的年龄要求；
经医院体检合格且无妨碍从事相应特种作业的疾病和生理缺陷；
符合相应特种作业需要的其他条件。
报考时间以及考试时间
不同城市考试时间不同。焊工证的报名时间是没有限定的，在任何时间都是可以报名的，报名之后需要完成培训才能参加考试。需要注意的是报名和培训需要委托给当地的定点学校，并且是当地应急管理厅指定的焊工培训机构。每个月最少两次考试，考完天证书可查。根据报考级别不同，下证时间也会变化，一般考后-月下证。
焊工安全生产法律法规与安全管理
熔化焊与热切割基础知识
熔化焊与热切割作业危险源辨识
融化焊与热切割安全用电
熔化焊与热刀割的防火防爆
熔化焊与热切割作业劳动生产与防护
科目一：安全用具使用
焊条电弧焊劳动保护用品的选用
氧化碳含劳动保护用品的选用
环弧焊劳动保护用品的选用
气焊、气割劳动保护用品的选用
科目二：安全操作技术
焊条电弧焊安全操作技术
氧化碳焊安全操作技术
气焊、气割安全操作技术
科目三：作业现场安全隐患排除
判断作业现场存在的安全风险、职业危害
科目四：作业现场应急处理
单人徒手心肺复苏操作
道题，其中道判断题，道单项选择题，每道题分。满分分分合格，使用电脑考试，考试时间分钟。（理论考试为电脑机考)
四个科目，其中科目一：安全用具使用（劳动保护用品的正确选择与穿戴，分；
科目二：安全操作技术（手工电弧焊、二氧化碳焊、氩弧焊、气焊，抽考其中一个项目，气割必考，分；
科目三：作业现场安全隐患排除（视频看图隐患排查，分；
科目四：作业现场应急处理（急救与灭火器的选择与使用，分。
满分分分合格，现场操作，考试时间分钟。
特种作业操作证有效期为年，满年需要复审，满年需要换证。请在证件复审期或换证期满前日内回学校申请复审换证。
焊工考试作为一门职业资格考试，理论知识是是以卷面考试的形式呈现的，试题十分专业化，这就需要我们积累足够的知识与做题量。所以经常要刷题，有句话说的好熟能生巧，考试题目都是在刷题里抽查的。平时练习的话可以用云习App，免费、方便、简单、工种多、试题多，也可以下载考证宝典，全国安排考试的，里面有国家标准题库，只要多多练习，通过率很高。
焊接的实际操作考试主要分为手焊工和焊机操作工的考试，可以根据情况来选定或者有些省份是抽取。抽取内容为：焊条电弧焊、二氧化碳气体保护焊、氩弧焊及气焊中的一项。主要就是日常工作中的一些内容，比如说能否焊出合格的焊缝，对于焊接的操作是否合理，能否选择正确的焊接设备和焊接材料以及焊出图纸要求的简单的一些管件等，人为因素还是比较大的，换句话说，只要焊接的差不多考官都会给通过的。
焊条电弧焊是利用手工操作焊条进行作业，通常能够满足平焊、立焊和仰焊等多种施工位置。由于焊条电弧焊的设备比较轻便简单、操作灵活，可以适用于任何拥有电源的地方作业。焊条电弧焊同时也是最不挑剔的焊接工艺，对于各种金属材料、厚度及结构造型没有刁钻苛刻的要求。
二氧化碳气体保护焊简称二保焊，学名又称CO焊。CO具有氧化性，且CO来源广，价格低，所以作用于保护气体非常合适。为了保证获得良好的焊接效果，在焊接过程中需要考虑设施设备、施工工艺及焊丝选择等方面。在目前的焊接领域，CO焊已经是黑色金属材料的最重要焊接方式，同时，在工艺上也能够取代大部分的焊条电弧焊及埋弧焊。
氩弧焊是升级版的电弧焊，利用氩气保护金属焊接材料，在作业中，高电流可以让焊接材料在被焊接材料商熔化形成熔池，达到冶金结合的技术。在高温热熔焊接的过程中不断输入氩气，断绝了焊接材料和空气接触，能够防止焊材的氧化，所以对于铜、合金。铝等有色金属来说，氩弧焊是最为合适的焊接工艺。
气焊是通过气体产生火焰将两个材料的接头熔化部分位置，再添加填充金属，等熔池冷却凝固后，两个材料形成一个整体的焊接手法。气焊的工具设备很简单，通用性比较大，对厚度薄、体量小的焊接材料作业时不易烧穿，在无电源的情况下也能够使用，所以气焊的应用环境相当广泛，不仅运用在在管道和薄壁机械的制造和安装，而且还能运用于小体量的机件和铸件的修复。
焊证考试的技巧口诀是焊接人机料法环，操作技艺占为先。手脑合一最重要，切忌浮躁心不专。右手僵硬是大忌，内旋外旋施时变。纵横并进三方向，牢记焊接三要点。焊前组对按规范，焊条质优且要干。引燃电弧有技巧，划擦撞击可任选等等。
实操考核方面，需要注意的点：
焊接时焊条的直径应根据工件的厚度、接头的形式、焊接位置和焊接层数、焊接电流的大小来选择
对于非平焊位置焊和开槽多层焊的第一层，应使用直径较小的焊条；立焊、水平焊和仰焊使用比平焊更小的电极；厚板使用更厚但不合适的电极超过板厚。
常用的焊缝收弧方法有：圆弧收弧、反复断弧和收弧、收弧外弧重焊收弧等。当一个焊道完成后，如果立即断弧，会在焊接面下方形成弧坑；弧坑过深不仅影响外观，还会削弱端部的强度，容易造成应力集中或形成弧坑裂纹。
引弧方式一般有：划痕引弧法和直接引弧法
操作时用力要适中，行程或行程要干净利落。否则，如果引弧动作过快或电极抬高过高，难以建立稳定的电弧，启动后电弧可能会熄灭；如果引弧动作过慢，电极和工件会粘在一起，造成长期短路。使焊条过热发红，引起药效如果皮肤脱落，则无法建立稳定的电弧。
对于大间隙，一般采用三点焊，并应注意焊道的焊接顺序
除了铸铁嵌件的焊接外，金属填料不适合大多数大型焊接，因为不可避免地会出现熔深不足的缺陷，焊脚的增加会影响焊件的强度。
直流电弧最大的缺点是电弧会被磁吹，导致电弧不稳定，严重时无法焊接，尤其是大电流、深坡口、角焊。避免磁偏吹的措施包括：使用交流电源进行焊接，正确选择电缆接入位置，调整焊条角度。
%Chowto_content%E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工操作证是焊工作业必须持有的证件，具有极强的法律效应。焊工操作证也称为焊工上岗证，是由应急管理厅(原安监局)颁发的，像身份证一样大小，是IC卡形式的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxrpQIwxsZXFnWLTZwf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试基本介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxwkxyAAiAJVYdrJLtTUc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxIhqmxNFsBDZwoNBHICz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工证属于特种作业操作证，又称熔化焊接与热切割作业操作证。证书全国通用，是由安监局进行颁发的正规证书。证书每三年一审，六年一换。证书类型（IC卡片类似身份证。焊工操作证不分等级，一般只要是从事金属焊接切割作业(电焊、气焊、弧焊、电焊气割)等工作，都是领取同一种焊工操作证，不需要细化，证书带磁卡，全国通用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxHBcelvhGxSNquBnfTBIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"考试介绍","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"doxtcjqLUpJwKuvuLtFfXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"IC卡版证书样本","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxUrGhgzQmqaqRLKuaJheh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"国家文件明文规定企业聘用人员必须持此证，焊工等级资格证：俗称焊工等级证，是由人力资源与社会保障局简称为人社局，也就是以前我们常说的劳动局颁发的。焊工职业共设五个等级，分别为：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxtEZQjQpeSkUzSzwuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初级（国家职业资格五级中级（国家职业资格四级高级（国家职业资格三级技师（国家职业资格二级高级技师（国家职业资格一级。这个证是按照焊接工龄，技术水平的因素综合鉴定的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxTbXHkQjFIEIRrZxoEQlze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考条件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxyeFIFypnVAxxhqjxaWrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(一)年满周岁且符合相关工种规定的年龄要求；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxDGOuuPQbxTzwKXQod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(二)经医院体检合格且无妨碍从事相应特种作业的疾病和生理缺陷；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxuvAEZAyAWbIOLEvmDffg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(三)初中及以上学历；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxztXtShprqzMRvcofiHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"(四)符合相应特种作业需要的其他条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxMFZKPQzKLTOxoOemhLg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"报考时间以及考试时间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxkrbvqNCrqmIQUTpEmKd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同城市考试时间不同。焊工证的报名时间是没有限定的，在任何时间都是可以报名的，报名之后需要完成培训才能参加考试。需要注意的是报名和培训需要委托给当地的定点学校，并且是当地应急管理厅指定的焊工培训机构。每个月最少两次考试，考完天证书可查。根据报考级别不同，下证时间也会变化，一般考后-月下证。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxXbLRQFpHgyoRvgwBb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxywqHRCYhjGKpmcYXf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工理论","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxAGMdAJCXLvAAHiQIoNeb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、焊工安全生产法律法规与安全管理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxlQswuKQljSobeRBMIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、熔化焊与热切割基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxQujfeZUpbVxUIOYKSXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、熔化焊与热切割作业危险源辨识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxLvwxynzWKTvLDEkmVUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、融化焊与热切割安全用电","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxCDfPSIIBijxpvCeTrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、化学品的安全使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxMOCdViAjUtizJEifwWHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、熔化焊与热刀割的防火防爆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxgSjKPqtKHwbvnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、熔化焊与热切割作业劳动生产与防护","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxWEWVmTlARILojzLMOTQg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"焊工实操","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxLINTQkfVgZVwftsQf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目一：安全用具使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxEIxxIWBlitfugEtvU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、焊条电弧焊劳动保护用品的选用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxCaSbxxnRfYuvzxyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、二氧化碳含劳动保护用品的选用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxzVnDlNGGDGHnbphNOo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、环弧焊劳动保护用品的选用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxwaOuslRJPtLqteMgewd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、气焊、气割劳动保护用品的选用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxGWpIEfJRoiRwTrnwb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目二：安全操作技术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxTgLdmrvUFMPzWLNjkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、焊条电弧焊安全操作技术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxBFZVRlRLnELTEaZAwbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、二氧化碳焊安全操作技术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxWKEIYDJHtnVmHobiNLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、镗弧焊安全操作技术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxgOKQRJReLEcLhric"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、气焊、气割安全操作技术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxEttlfoHpHsuKHRhRUABb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"科目三：作业现场安全隐患排除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxB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忘记锁屏密码处理方法：
情况一：忘记锁屏密码但可以使用指纹或面部解锁手机
在输入密码界面连续输错次锁屏密码，弹出“手机已锁定”后，可点击屏幕上的“忘记密码”（若是设置的图案密码，次错误密码需至少个点且每次输入的密码均不同；
注：若使用FBE加密技术的机型则需到vivo客户服务中心解锁。
点击忘记密码后使用密保修改锁屏密码
注：两个密保都需输入正确才可修改锁屏密码；
查找手机版本.之前：若密保忘记需进入云服务开启查找手机后，进入手机设置--系统管理/更多设置--备份与重置/恢复出厂设置--清除所有数据--立即清除--输入vivo帐户密码清除数据，清除数据解密后，重新进入手机设置锁屏密码
查找手机版本.及之后：就算执行了清除数据指令，进入手机后，还是需要输入账号的密码；
情况二：忘记锁屏密码也无法使用指纹或面部解锁手机
在输入密码界面连续输错次锁屏密码（若是设置的图案密码，次错误密码需至少个点且每次输入的密码均不同
弹出“手机已锁定”后，可点击屏幕上的“忘记密码”，输入密保修改锁屏密码；
注：部分使用FBE加密技术的机型无“忘记密码”选项，不支持使用密保问题验证解锁，需联系客户服务中心工作人员进行解锁。
注：若忘记了锁屏密码密保，可以携带身份证、购机发票到客户服务中心解锁处理。（进入vivo官网/vivo商城APP--我的--网点查询或者vivo官网网页版--下滑底部--服务支持--服务网点查询--选择省市进行查询客户服务中心地址。
备注：无法通过密保找回锁屏密码，可以通过查找手机发送清除数据指令（手机数据会全部被删除，若未开启查找手机功能，则建议前往客户服务中心处理。
若忘记vivo账号密码可进入vivo官网/vivo商城APP--我的--在线客服或者vivo官网网页版--下滑底部--在线客服输入人工客服进入咨询申诉
hz怎么开始单人模式
编曲指的是一首歌的伴奏部分，就是去掉歌手唱的部分，编曲的核心在于用不同乐器进行编配。它既不是古典音乐体系中配器法在流行音乐领域中简单的复制与模仿，也不是狭隘的电声乐队配器，而是通过对现代流行音乐配器的分析与总结。
“乐理”是所有音乐课程学习的基础内容其中包括“音阶、乐音体系、调式、音程”等一系列具有催眠效果的知识点。作为零基础初学者想要学好编曲所需要的乐理知识就要从熟记音名和唱名开始到基础的音程(两个音)构建再到和弦(三个音及以上)构建。流行歌中常用到的就会是七和弦、九和弦、十一和弦等高叠和弦学习了乐理入门写作实战时会更加轻松一些。
下文讲解搭配视频可以更好的学习乐理知识《【基础乐理入门（共集-哔哩哔哩】
音符由三个部分组成，即符头、符干和符尾。
全音符：没有符干和符尾的空心的白色音符叫“全音符”；
分音符：带有符干、没有符尾的白色音符叫“二分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；
分音符：带有符干、没有符尾的黑色音符叫“四分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；
分音符：带有符干和条符尾的黑色音符叫“八分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；
分音符：带有符干和条符尾的黑色音符叫“十六分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；
分音符：带有符干和条符尾的黑色音符叫“三十二分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；
分音符：带有符干条符尾的黑色音符叫“六十四分音符”，等于全音符/的时值。
调号就是在五线谱上，谱行开头的谱号后面标注的变音记号。这个变音记号对乐谱中所有同名音都有效，也就是说，调号中的升降号标在哪个音的位置，则乐谱中遇见所有这个音以及它们的同名音（八度的倍音都要按谱号中的升降号升高或降低半音。
升号调：CGDAEB#F#C（bD
降号调：FbBbEbAbDbGbC（B
原理：先看这个五度圈图
调号上面使用升号（#的称作「升号调」；
调号上面使用降号（b的称作「降号调」；
一个自然音阶里有七个音，所以升降号最多能加七个。
比C调的构成音多一个升号的调是G调（G，A，B，C，D，E，F#，所以G调调号有个升号；
比G调的构成音多一个升号的调是D调（D，E，F#，G，A，B，C#，所以D调调号有个升号；
比D调的构成音多一个升号的调是A调（A，B，C#，D，E，F#，G#，所以A调调号有个升号；
比A调的构成音多一个升号的调是E调（E，F#，G#，A，B，C#，D#，所以E调调号有个升号；
比E调的构成音多一个升号的调是B调（B，C#，D#，E，F#，G#，A#，所以B调调号有个升号；
比B调的构成音多一个升号的调是F#调（F#，G#，A#，B，C#，D#，E#，所以F#调调号有个升号；
比F#调的构成音多一个升号的调是C#调（C#，D#，E#，F#，G#，A#，B#，所以C#调调号有个升号；（极不常用
对此总结上述规律，随着升号增加：
C→G→D→A→E→B→F#→C#
恰好相邻的两个音之间构成的是纯五度关系。而且随着升号的增加，先后被升高的音分别是：
F，C，G，D，A，E，B
相邻的两个音之间也是纯五度关系，升号调调号上写升号的顺序也是这个顺序。
比C调的构成音多一个降号的调是F调（F，G，A，Bb，C，D，E，所以F调调号有个降号；
比F调的构成音多一个降号的调是Bb调（Bb，C，D，Eb，F，G，A，所以Bb调调号有个降号；
比Bb调的构成音多一个降号的调是Eb调（Eb，F，G，Ab，Bb，C，D，所以Eb调调号有个降号；
比Eb调的构成音多一个降号的调是Ab调（Ab，Bb，C，Db，Eb，F，G，所以Ab调调号有个降号；
比Ab调的构成音多一个降号的调是Db调（Db，Eb，F，Gb，Ab，Bb，C，所以Db调调号有个降号；
比Db调的构成音多一个降号的调是Gb调（Gb，Ab，Bb，Cb，Db，Eb，F，所以Gb调调号有个降号；
比Gb调的构成音多一个降号的调是Cb调（Cb，Db，Eb，Fb，Gb，Ab，Bb，所以Cb调调号有个降号；（极不常用。
对此总结上述规律，随着降号增加：
C→F→Bb→Eb→Ab→Db→Gb→Cb
恰好相邻的两个音之间构成的是纯四度（纯五度的转位关系。而且随着降号的增加，先后被降低的音分别是：
B，E，A，D，G，C，F
相邻的两个音之间也是纯五度关系，降号调调号上写降号的顺序也是这个顺序。
在实际使用时，由于十二平均率里的等音关系，为了避免升降号过多影响读谱，通常：
B调代替Cb调，Db调代替C#调。
小节：小节与小节之间，以纵线为界。
节拍：每隔一定时间重复出现的有一定强弱分别的一系列拍。
拍号：分数表示，分母表示以什么音符为一拍，分子表示一小节有几拍。
例：/拍，以四分音符为拍，每小节有四拍。
以每分钟节拍数计数，单位BPM。
例：OBPM＝每分钟拍。
升降调是用来调节旋律的曲调高低，播放器里的移调，是以小二度为单位，也就是半音，依次进行升降调。如果要以大调式为例，E调的调号是个升号，F调的调号是个降号，E调与F调的根音的确差半音，那它们的调号就相差个记号。G调调号是个升号，根音与F调差个半音，调号就差个记号。一般在乐谱上，移调是以记号而不是半音数为单位的，根音上/下行度，就增加一个升/降记号。
唱名法，有固定唱名法和首调唱名法。
固定调唱名法／C调唱名法
以绝对音高为基础，任何调下永远不变。
即=CDEFGAB，音名唱名任何调下不变。固定调对于需要根据五线谱视奏的乐器更方便，如提琴。
以相对音高为基础，不同调下的唱名对应音名变化。先确定主音，再按照调式／音阶排列规律得到具体音名。
如：G大调，以G为主音，按照大调调式排列，得到GABCDEF#
唱名，以什么调为主音的，就以主音为do。
如：C调，=C；A调，=A
首调更注重主音，以及其他音级和主音的关系。
首调在即兴伴奏，流行／爵士即兴等情况下更方便。自然大调的唱名、、、、、、。
自然小调的唱名、、b、、b、b，为方便使用，自然小调以为主音的唱名、、、、、、。
以一个音为主，按照一定规律排列构成的音阶，就是调式。为为主的音，叫做主音。
调式中各音之间的关系，就是稳定与不稳定。
在三个稳定音中，其稳定程度也是不同的，其中最稳定的音，就叫做主音。
音程中的较低音叫做“根音”(root)，位于原位和弦最下面，根音上的三度音称为三音，根音上的五度音称为五音。任何音阶中的任意音级均可作为根音，于其上方加入三音与五音而构成三和弦，每个和弦视其根音在音阶上的名称或音级数而命名。在和弦的基本形态中是最下端的一音。
根音必须是和弦基本形态中最下方的音；
英文字就是根音，例如：C的根音是C，Cm的根音也是C，C的根音一样是C。同理：Em根音就是E，G根音就是G，D根音就是D；
俗称的“分数和弦”，“分子”是根音，“分母”是最低音，C/G则是C为根音G为最低音，C/E是C为根音最低音是E。同理，G/B就是G为根音B为最低音。
音程指两个音级在音高上的相互关系，就是指两个音在音高上的距离而言，其单位名称叫做度。
音程由属性、数字、单位组成，例如纯五度、大三度。
如下，C到G有个白键，所以是五度；#C到G也是五度。所以用属性区分为纯五度和减五度。
音程指两个音级在音高上的相互关系，就是指两个音在音高上的距离而言，其单位名称叫做度。
音程由属性、数字、单位组成，例如纯五度、大三度。
如下，C到G有个白键，所以是五度；#C到G也是五度。所以用属性区分为纯五度和减五度。
属性总共包含种：纯、大、小、增、减、倍增、倍减。纯，只能在一四五八度出现；大/小只能在二三六七度出现，其他的属性共用。
属性：纯、大、小、增、减、倍增、倍减一、四、五、八度：纯（增、减、倍增、倍减二、三、六、七度：大小（增、减、倍增、倍减
标准音程包含的白键和黑键总和是固定的，到是纯一度，有一个键；到是大二度，有个键；到是大三度，有个键。
音乐节奏有：切分、三连音。
三连音，即是三等分拍、拍或拍，每个音唱（奏/拍、/拍或/拍。也可以理解成三个音唱（奏两个音的长度，如/拍中三个四分音符组成的三连音唱（奏两个四分音符的长度即两拍。
这是一种典型的节奏变化，乐曲进行时，突然的三连音将给人节奏“错位”、不稳定的感觉。乐谱表示为连音线中间有个“”的标记。
切分节奏是旋律在进行当中，由于音乐的需要，改变常规的节奏规律，音符的强拍和弱拍发生了变化和强调，而出现的节奏变化。
三个音符A、B、C，他们的排序是ABC，这时，A+C=B，AC被B所切分。这只是众多切分形式中的一种特殊形式。还可以个音符被多个音符所切分，如：/、/、/、/；/、、、、/等。
节奏与节拍在音乐中，永远是同时并存的，并以音的长短、强弱及其相互关系的固定性和准确性来组织音乐。节拍就好像列队行进中整齐的步伐；节奏就好像千变万化的鼓点。
用强弱组织起来的音的长短关系，就叫做“节奏”。
有强有弱的相同的时间片段，按照一定的次序循环重复，就叫做“节拍”。
和声乐器的织体表现形态分为两种：静态和动态。
静态，也称和声形态，乐器主要是以持续性的和弦长音演奏，很多歌曲中用到的pad铺底、弦乐等就是这种形态，可以根据实际情况选择演奏单音、音程或是和弦，这主要取决于对织体厚度的要求（当然总的原则是上秘下疏中不空。和声乐器主要用于融合各种音色，增加氛围感和立体空间感。
动态，也称节奏形态，乐器主要是以柱式、分解等变化较快的演奏方式填充织体的内声部层，使音乐获得前进的推动力，节奏型的适当变化可以使音乐增加活力和感染力，更好地表达情绪的变化。
Bass的写作力求得到的是一个清晰流畅、旋律感强的BASS声部。
从和声上讲，注意好音程关系，而作为低音乐器，跳进往往比级进更能得到清晰明朗的效果，若使用级进，则连续下行效果会比较好。
从织体上讲，应处理好Bass和底鼓的关系，尽量避免低频碰撞。
从音色上讲，注意搭配底鼓和Bass的音色就行。
从音区上讲，低音下潜越深越好，但也要注意Bass的音域，保持音色的清晰度。
在和弦音的重复中，低音重复也是要注意的，如果和声乐器的低音音区与Bass演奏音区相接近，这时，两者的低音最好相同（其他低音乐器也是一样，这样可以加强低音声部，反之容易混淆，织体表达不清晰。
和声乐器的一些处理，当内声部中填充有多个乐器且比较接近时，那么可以使用以下一些技巧达到更好的效果。
首先，可以采用不同的排列法（密集和开放排列相互补充，一来得到了更饱满的音响效果，二来避免和弦音完全重复抹杀了特定乐器的音色。其次，可以通过调节声像方位来分散平衡内声部的堆砌感。再次，可以适当处理音色，从而避免同音区音响上的堆砌。
再来说说关于声音的“色彩”。其实声音也可以分成冷和暖的。高频尖锐的声音（如钢琴就是偏向冷色调的，而低频乐器的声音就比较温暖。音色冷暖的合理搭配也是织体编写中需要适当斟酌的。
当几个音共同发出音响并且形成了连续的进行这时它们就构成了和声的关系。相比横向的旋律走向和声讲究的是音的纵向分布与排列。它对于音乐作品的发展对于加深和丰富音乐作品的表现力具有非常重要意义。流行歌写作中最常用到的几种经典和声走向举例如下：
第一种：C–Am–F–G(“烂大街走向”：)；
第二种：F–G–Em–Am–Dm–G–C(经典副歌走向：)；
第三种：C–G/B–Am–G–F–C/E–Dm–G(经典卡农走向：)。
综上所述建议零基础初学者建议掌握和弦的基本用法和声掌握经典走向后尝试用高级和弦来替代基础和弦。
和声方面推荐的学习资料有《流行音乐与爵士乐和声学（第版》（任达敏，《爵士和声》（陈云强。
和弦是指有一定音程关系的一组声音，即将三个或以上的音，按照三度或非三度的叠置关系，在纵向上加以结合，就称为和弦。
根据和弦属性，三和弦有：大三和弦、小三和弦、增三和弦、减三和弦。
根音到三音是大三度，三音到五音是小三度。
有：一级和弦、四级和弦、五级和弦(、、)
根音到三音是小三度，三音到五音是大三度。
有：二级和弦、三级和弦、六级和弦(、、)
根音到三音是小三度，三音到五音是小三度。
大三和弦：Major，标记方法可省略，如：C和弦
小三和弦：Minor，标记方法可简写m，如：Am和弦
减三和弦：Diminish，标记方法可简写dim，如：Bdim和弦
由三个音按照三度关系叠置起来的和弦，叫做三和弦。三和弦各音由下而上称为根音、三音、五音，分别以、、标记。
由四个音按照三度关系叠置起来的和弦，叫做七和弦。七和弦各音由下而上称为根音、三音、五音、七音，分别以、、、标记。
钢琴曲《卡农》中使用的和弦进行
—V—Vlm—Illm—IV—I—IV—V；
l—V—Vlm—Illm—IV—I—Ilm—V;
情感/色彩：抒情、叙事感
常见的曲式结构如下：
单一部曲式：这种曲式结构最简单，它一般由几个乐句构成，没有明显的重复段落，没有第二主题，也没有副歌。
单二部曲式：由两个乐段构成的曲式，叫做单二部曲式，结构为A+B。
单三部曲式：由三个乐段构成，其中第一段和第三段是一样的材料，结构为A+B+A。
复三部曲式：这种曲式的大结构与单三部曲式完全一样，只是在这里的三个段落中，每个段落还包含一个独立的曲式结构，可能为单二部曲式，可能为单三部曲式。
回旋曲式：这种曲式由两种部分构成，为主部与副部。回旋曲式的产生源于声乐性的轮舞曲，在轮舞曲中有分节歌与副歌，分节歌通常是独唱，副歌是合唱，每次独唱完成后都会回到合唱，每次的合唱部分都是相同的。
变奏曲式：变奏曲一开始会有一个完整的主题段落，在后面的段落中，都是这个主题的发展变化。
我们在挑选电脑之前，首先得挑选一下我们想要在哪个平台进行编曲工作，常见的就是win平台与Mac平台。随后就要选择自己主要会用到的宿主。
编曲软件很多，但实际上，不同的软件有着不同的特点，而不同音乐编曲软件的选用，和大家的作品风格、使用习惯等息息相关。了解不同软件的特点，了解它们最适合的音乐风格，了解它们的长处与缺点，可以帮助大家更快更顺畅地踏上音乐编曲的道路。
目前网络上有很多宿主软件教学同样我们需要学习的是共性而不是逐个软件学习过去。先尝试精通其中一款经典软件后从个性中总结出共性再尝试其他软件因此这一款软件的选择就显得十分重要。为大家推荐几款常用的宿主软件。
作为新手这款软件最容易上手。配合这个视频和我在下文整理的笔记可更有效地学习。《【B站最全最详细的Cubase教程（集，从零到精通！编曲混音、录音修音、音频后期、音乐制作必备！-哔哩哔哩】
Cubase（酷贝斯具有MIDI音序、音频编辑处理、多轨录音缩混、视频配乐、环绕声处理等功能。Cubase的强大，在于它的一切参数都需要自己控制，它常常是工业化制作的必备软件，但也正因为如此，Cubase这款软件拥有编曲、录音、混音三体合一的强大功能。Cubase在输出时不对声音着色，这也是Cubase受到各方面音乐人欢迎的原因之一。
Cubase官网：点击进入
F功能键：显示／隐藏走带控制条
F功能键：打开／关闭Mixer（调音台窗
F功能键：打开／关闭音频输出窗口
F/F功能键：鼠标工具选择
Q键：量化MIDI音符
I键：打开／关闭插入录音模式
键：打开／关闭穿出录音模式
S键：使当前选中音轨独奏
F键：打开／关闭自动光标跟随模式
G键：横向缩小窗口显示比例
H键：横向放大窗口显示比例
J键：打开／关闭对齐模式
Z键：纵向放大窗口显示比例
C键：打开／关闭节拍器
B键：使播放指针移动到前一个小节
N键：使播放指针移动到下一个小节
M键：使当前选中音轨静音
Ctrl+N键：新建文件
Ctrl+键：打开文件
Ctrl+W键：关闭文件
Ctrl+S键：保存文件
Ctrl+Z键：撤销
Ctrl+X键：剪切
Ctrl+C键：复制
Ctrl+V键：粘贴
Ctrl+D键：加倍
Ctrl+G键：编组
Ctrl+U键：取消编组
Ctrl+P键：打开素材池
Ctrl+M键：打开标记设置
Ctrl+T键：打开速度轨
Shift+T键：改变速度
Shift+S键：打开工程设置
Shift+F键：横向缩小窗口显示比例至最小
Shift+B键：播放指针移动到前一个标记点
Shift+N键：播放指针移动到下一个标记点
小数点键：播放指针回零点
数字键﹣键：分别控制--定位标记
乘号键：录音开始／停止
Ctrl＋鼠标滚轮：横向缩放
Shift＋鼠标滚轮：纵向缩放
Shift+F：缩放到合理范围
Shift+G：纵向缩小
Shift+H：纵向放大
选择一个轨道，按住Shift再选择另一个轨道，便能一并选择两者之间的所有轨道。
AIt按住不放，鼠标拖动选择的事件，将复制出新的内容
快捷键自定义设置：菜单栏——编辑——快捷键
在Cubase如何表示时值
FLStudio，国人习惯叫它“水果”。
FLStudio提供了音符编辑器，编辑器可以针对作曲者的要求编辑出不同音律的节奏，例如鼓，镲，锣，钢琴，笛，大提琴，筝，扬琴等等任何乐器的节奏律动。其次提供了音效编辑器，方便快捷的音源输入。
对于在音乐中所涉及的特殊乐器声音，只要通过简单外部录音后便可在FLStudio中方便调用，音源的方便采集和简单的调用造就了FLStudio强悍的编辑功能。
FLStudio对新手十分友好，调用音色以及素材十分方便，且对电音类制作效果很好，尤其适合音乐编曲初学者以及对电音需求高、依赖素材偏多的人。
点击视频学习详细编曲教程。《【【官方正版】FLstudio水果中文快速操作入门教程-哔哩哔哩】
使用水果软件进行编曲之前，需要将主旋律导入到水果软件。点击顶部菜单栏“视图”-“播放列表”，将本地主旋律拖入到播放列表轨道。
点击水果编曲软件顶部菜单栏“文件”-“钢琴卷帘”。打开钢琴卷帘窗口，可以看到钢琴的黑白琴键展示在窗口，通过鼠标左键点击格子给主旋律配上和声。详细教程可以参考水果编曲软件教程《如何用钢琴卷帘功能去进行编曲》。
水果编曲软件主要是通过通道机架添加节奏乐器。点击顶部菜单栏“视图”-“通道机架”，即可打开通道机架。然后点击其底部“+”添加节奏乐器，比如添加鼓乐器“bassdrum”。详细教程可以参考水果编曲软件教程《如何用通道机架功能编辑一段节奏》。
点击水果软件顶部菜单栏“视图”-“混音器”，即可打开混音器。再点击右侧插槽，选择效果器。
混音效果器总共包括压缩效果器、均衡效果器、混响效果器三类，比如这里添加“FruityReeverb”制造一种回声的效果。详细教程添加混音效果可参考《善用FLStudio的混音效果器，编曲音效更加动听!》。
logicProX是苹果公司的一款专业音频制作软件。
点击视频详细学习编曲教程。《【LogicProX中文详细使用教程-哔哩哔哩】
大家喜欢它的所见即所得，喜欢它的自带音色，喜欢它的曲线和画面支持。它对新手也较友好，但对老手以及鼠标党而言，显得不给力，组合键过多，不便记忆，主要适用于大量画面音乐制作人以及流行音乐作者。
LogicProX官网：点击进入
以上就是为大家推荐的三款Daw，总的来说，对于新手而言，FLStudio是最友好，且最具有性价比的选择，而对于在音乐编辑上已经逐渐走上正轨的老手而言，FLStdio中丰富的素材和插件也将成为其不可取代的优势。
取消撤销（前撤：?+?+Z
开启关闭当前循环Looper：C
循环当前选中音频/MIDI：选中音频/MIDI+U
跳过当前选中循环：?+单机Loop黄条
打开TrackHeader：?+T
建立新轨道：?+?+N
添加新的软件乐器轨道：?+?+S
添加新的音频轨道：?+?+A
复制当前轨道：?+D（D=Double
按照同样位置/长度复制当前内容（MIDI、音频、MIDI音符：?+R（R=Repeat
修改当前片段名称：（选中某一段落后?+N（N=Name
修改轨道名称后继续快速换行修改：Tab
打开/隐藏library：Y
打开音频设置：?+X
打开/隐藏Inspector：I（I=Inspector
打开隐藏混音界面：X（X=Mix
放大当前区域：Z（Z=ZOOM
打开Global：G（G=Global
快速打标记Marker：?+‘
打开乐段AppleLoop：O（O=Loop
打开文件：F（F=File
导入文件：?+I（I=Import
把多个轨道放入一个组内：（选中所需轨道?+?+D
?+?+G（G=Group可以直接把选中轨道给Summing
在进度条处播放：鼠标双击进度条（可以忽视Looper
放大/缩小横轴纵轴：?+方向键
拖动放大横轴纵轴：?+鼠标左右/上下拖动
音频区域选择：?+拖动选中区域+点击选中区域（音频段落自动剥离出来
在当前位置合并为音频BounceinPlace：选中所需区域?+B（B=Bounce
打开笔记：?+?+P（超好用的创作记录工具
打开自动化：A（A=Automation
选中自动化区域：?+鼠标拖动（此时可以直接拖动当前区域的自动化参数
调整自动化曲线：?+?+鼠标拖动
删除当前轨道所有自动化：?+?+Delete（无论多乱，一键删除
切换自动化参数：?+Y（配合这个快捷键，切换参数后，可以一键删除所有不需要的自动化参数
打开Flex按钮：?+F（F=Flex
Fade工具：T+A
打开轨道颜色选项：?+C（C=color
现实隐藏当前所有插件窗口：V（像下图无论多少个插件，直接V全部隐藏/显示
打开当前轨道插件：选中当前轨道后，?+、、、（数字代表第几个插件
改变MIDI段落总体的时长：?+边缘拖动（例如Bar个和弦，可以拉长为Bar个和弦
从选中片段的开头播放Playfromregion：选中一个片段+Shift+Space空格
合并所选区域：?+J（J=Join
在指针的位置切割片段：?+T
打开去「除音频之间的静音部分」功能：?+X
给混音「辅助轨」道建立「编辑轨道」（用于自动化：?+T
打开/隐藏钢琴卷帘：P（P=Piano
打开/隐藏编辑界面：（选中音频则是音频编辑界面，选中MIDI则是MIDI编辑界面E（E=Edit
MIDI工具栏：（在MIDI编辑区域内T
书写MIDI：T+P
MIDI移动半音：?+上下方向键
MIDI左右移动一格：?+左右方向键
MIDI移动八度：?+?+上下方向键（贼好用
平均分割MIDI：（在剪刀工具下T+I?+鼠标点击
MIDI自动化：（在钢琴卷帘界面里A
快速拖动调节MIDI力度：?+?+鼠标拖动
MIDI力度相同：（在力度工具下T+V?+?+鼠标拖动
统一MIDI长度：（选中所需MIDI?+?+鼠标拖动
MIDI力度画线：选中音符后，在力度区域画一条线
在不录音的情况下将演奏的MIDI记录下来：?+R
编曲的电脑主要对cpu、内存、硬盘有要求，音频电脑其实和视频电脑配置差不多，都需要数据吞吐量够大，视频电脑多集中在高端显卡上，音频可以降低显卡配置。
在进行编曲的过程中，主要是通过内存的加载与CPU的运算，同时配合硬盘来完成对音色的使用。因此，主要考虑的是CPU、内存与硬盘，显而易见的就是我们根本不需要显卡。由于市面上的品牌组装机存在着较为明显的溢价状态，所以比较推荐自己组装。
大致需要的参数如下：
台式机设备建议（经济紧张型建议
硬盘：G或G以上（建议固态硬盘
台式机设备建议（经济宽裕型建议，适合到后期
Cpu：IKK，IK
硬盘：T或T以上（建议固态硬盘
笔记本配置建议（经济紧张型建议
笔记本配置建议（经济宽裕型建议，适合到后期
Cpu：IHQ，IHQ
MacbookPro和iMac
MacbookPro跟iMac得益于M芯片的诞生，在使用Logic进行编曲时，整体的性能直线上升，所以如果是以Logic作为主要制作宿主的话，首当其冲的还是M以上+G以上的MacbookPro或者iMac。
在实际应用中，MacbookPro适合移动处理，方便快捷便携，不受环境因素限制。而iMac更加适合在一个固定的地方进行操作。或者直接一样一个，Mac生态下，可以进行完美衔接。
苹果笔记本电脑MacBookPro英寸年新款Mmax芯片
AppleiMac英寸.K屏八核M芯片(核图形处理器)GGSSD一体式电脑主机
根据这个机器的配置，在进行编曲的过程中，两个屏幕的效果很显然要好于单屏幕，这款本的双屏幕，完全可以把参数设置放在下面的屏幕中，同时两款屏幕都是触屏的。
华硕灵耀XAMD锐龙八核.KOLEDP色域全面屏笔记本电脑
音频接口就是我们常说的声卡，它的主要功能是对音频信号进行转换，直接推荐外置声卡了，因为根据电脑推荐来看，除了组装机外，其余的并不适用内置声卡。
自带系列模拟效果器，具备着两种声音特性，其一，具备音乐性的高频EQ提升，营造前进的感觉。其二，可控微调的谐波失真，更进一步融入信号链中。配合MonitorMix监听控制软件，带来了高品质的输出耳放效果，相对于SSL来说，SSL+增加至双耳机输出，同时配备了MIDI输入与输出接口，额外的非平衡RCA莲花输出接口方便DJ使用。
为了方便操作，X使用了与TwinX相同的倾斜面板，让操作变的更加的直观。DSP、Unison、AD/DA模块高度集成，高性能需要高电压，而为了应对高电压带来的发热，X在两侧、底部都有设置开孔以此来增加散热效果。软件调音台一直是Apollo声卡的核心组成部分，X同样也具备两个新特征，其一，所有通道推子的行程从dB增加至dB，通过提升通道输出电平，扩展整体混音动态。其二，全新DSP配对功能，可以在单一通道条内构建更大的插件链，虚拟通道数量将会随着DSP配对数量的增加而减少。
ApogeeDuet
作为ApogeeDuet系列的最新产品，Duet的诞生依旧秉承着Apogee最核心的音质体验，结合Apogee的传奇AD/DA电路设计，拥有同类产品中不可比拟的音质硬实力。Duet拥有个输入接口和个输出接口，并配置世界一流的前级放大器，能够自然真实地再现每一个声音细节。连接音箱的输出接口使用真正的全平衡差分电路设计，准确掌握实时返听和混音监听的完整信息，体现声音的完整深度和细节。
Deut使用了和SymphonyDesktop相同的板载DSP处理技术，能够完全实现在声卡硬件上使用ECS通道条插件进行声音处理的功能，让零延迟并且带有效果处理的录音和实时监听成为可能。
RMEFireFaceUCXII
FirefaceUCXII是第二代的FirefaceUCX超便携式音频接口，可以同时做通道录音和通道回放，带有SteadyClockFS高精度时钟，有着高性能的话放，内置参量均衡、动态处理、回声、混响DSP效果器，DURec（直接USB录音，MIDI输入和输出接口，强大的耳机放大器，且完全可以独立使用。
一般来说，MIDI键盘的按键数量在、、、、，如果整个音乐制作的过程中，需要用到较多的八度内容，那么使用、键较为适合。不过、键也不会影响太多，因为MIDI键盘上都有Octave+/-来调音域范围。键则更适用于在家工作，因为通常来看正常编曲一般-个八度就够用了，键就很符合。
触感上一般可以分为合成键盘、半配重、全配重。一般如果没有学习过钢琴的话，使用合成键盘或者半配重即可，学过钢琴的可以使用全配重。不过也需要考虑的事节奏速度的内容，由于全配重的按键回弹比较慢，所以在进行鼓组键盘录入的话会有一定的延迟。（可以配合带打击垫的MIDI键盘解决问题
结合上面提到的按键数量，其中、、比较方便携带外出，、就比较大了，并不是非常适合拿出去，很重。而且真要是演出的话，多数情况带的是舞台电钢或者合成器，比较方便。
有的MIDI键盘只有按键内容，有的则有功能器、推杆、旋钮、打击垫等，通过这些附加的功能区，能够让整个音乐制作的过程变得更加的顺畅，不过如果只是想练琴，或者并没有想做综合的编曲工作，那么简单点的就挺好。
NIKompleteKontrolS
拥有全配重的Fatar键座，重新定义了电子钢琴手感，这款键全配重键盘，具有先进的锤动原理、智能的弹簧技术以及记忆阻尼，能够带来真实的钢琴手感。S能够将需要的信息提前呈现：两块高分彩屏能够完整展示当前声音以及工程的基本信息；背光按键能够以其背光亮度及色彩提示多种信息；还可以在键盘上通过光导指示灯时刻清晰地找到所需声音、键区、切换开关以及音阶等等——不用回到电脑屏幕，即可完成音色的选择、参数调节、工程控制以及混音。
ArturiaKeylabMk
KeyLabmkII采用Fartar键床，跟ArturiaMatrixBrute模拟合成器用的键床是完全一样的，全配重，带触后，个踏板输入。KeyLabmkII不仅可以输出键盘演奏所产生的音高CV和琴键开闭的Gate信息，还可以自定义输出两个ModCV。当处于创作区时，需要受到的音乐工具激发。Keylabmk就是这样的一台产片，每一个方面都经过精心设计，以尽量减少干扰，并提供省时快捷方式，让您在演奏中保持头脑清醒。Keylabmk有三种不同的模式可以在这三种模式之间进行即时切换，从而实现极其高效的工作流程。
NektarImpactGXP
流线型设计，琴体细长、边角圆润、结构紧凑，外壳采用工程塑料材质，坚固而轻便，虽然体积较大，但总体质量控制得比较合理。极简风格的控制面板以可分配RGB照明按钮为主，并辅以弯音和调制轮、一个旋钮无极编码器以及一个传统电位器用于各种控制功能选择。其键盘部分采用了全新设计且精心平衡的键盘系统，是整个硬件的核心。实际弹奏时，下键流畅，指尖阻碍感适中，键噪极低。用于输入打击乐时有效降低了来自键盘本身的咔哒声。
NovationLaunchkey
具备个旋钮编码器，全部都是无极旋转式。面板有个打击垫，全部代有敏感的力度显示，还有不同颜色加持显示不同功能。和键版本多出个推子可分配设置。除了面板功能外，NovationLaunchkeyMk还提供了音阶、和弦和琶音器功能。让MIDI键盘摇身一变成为自动伴奏编曲键盘，因为在和弦模式下是可以一键弹奏出自己想要的和弦组合。琶音器功能也是相当丰富的，带有节奏设置和琶音变化可以为音乐锦上添花，做出有特色的有十足表现力的旋律。因为有MIDI输出功能，让琶音器可以轻松创建并生成琶音MIDI。
监听过程中，人声、乐器声高度清晰，能听辨出音乐中的每个细小声音，让整个监听过程细腻且真实。三频均衡中高音清晰、低音量足同时音质纯美，可以接触到音乐中的灵魂。
MX的使用感受，其一，可换线设计，增加线材可玩性。其二，度旋转的耳罩，可以用作单耳监听，满足录音师的监听需求。
频率响应：～kHz，额定抗阻：欧姆。
耳罩式设计舒适、准确塑形的D泡棉耳垫，以及一个皮质头箍，确保贴合头部。高解析少音染，耳机的声音风格适合小提琴等古典乐器的独奏，非常适合监听爱好者。拆卸方便，单边可拆卸耳机线，提供专业的迷你XLR接头，方便单边监听使用。
频率响应：～.kHz，额定抗阻：欧姆。
DTPro保证对信号的解释达到高精确水准。封闭式结构使其对外界噪声可衰减dB，即使在主监听扬声器面前，依旧可以不受影响地监听音乐。DTPro采用轻量化设计，贴合头部曲线，减轻头部压力。舒适佩戴感受，可以长时间聆听音乐不伤耳朵。
频率响应：～kHz，额定抗阻：欧姆/欧姆/欧姆。
高性能反射导管深入人心的低频下潜，真力独创的流线型反射导管，去除了串窜流噪声。降低倒向口的空气流速。实现无压缩低频声音，使低频下潜更深，清晰度更高。有源主动式分频技术，无需额外添置昂贵的功率放大器。电子分频器将声音信号分为不同的频段，分别路由给对应的功率放大器。
宽阔的聆听范围，久听不累的舒适听感。高频单元周围的优雅弧度经过精密设计，实现对声波的精准控制，让最佳监听范围更加宽阔。不再固定在某个角度聆听，久听不累。
KRKSystemsV系列近场录音棚监听，特别为注重精确还原的音频制作场合而设计。KRK与数百名专业工程师/制作人/调音师一起开发了这些突破性的监听扬声器。录音棚、演播室以及声音设计和音频制作室如果选择了V系列作为监听扬声器，一定会从中受惠。
V系列包含种可由用户选择的均衡器设置，确保房间声学，位置不规则以及品味和个人喜好等因素都得到照顾。KRK设计团队精益求精地以数百个监听位置及房间声学条件进行了建模及分板，保证KRK生产出最实用的工具，而且只需要小的调整。
HS系列采用了新的设计方案，高效的半球形高音单元大大扩展了可辨频段能提供高精度的高音。厚波导设计方案可以将振动降低至最小程度，因此这款全新设计的高音单元能平滑、无失真地再现高达kHz的高频。
具备超高响应能力的低音单元同样经过全新设计，通过采用精选的大型磁钢，使HS系列音箱在任何输出电平下都能释放低失真，高解析度的低频声音，这款强劲单元的音圈和喇叭框架等所有部件严格筛选，保证了HS系列同时具备震撼的低频和准确的中频。
电脑和MIDI键盘、声卡的连接
监听音响和声卡的连接
编曲配器一般是分为钢琴、吉他、架子鼓、贝斯。
当然，简单的和声学很简单，复杂的和声学还是很复杂的。例如A叔的和声大部分是归于“简单”这一类的，当然不是说他的编曲简单，而是他的和弦配的不难，大部分都是一些七和弦，比较抓耳朵而且也比较容易转调。A叔用三声部，但基本不用对位法。他的三声部就是正常三声部，没有到达复杂复调的地步。
有了乐理层面，其实编曲就入门了。一般写曲子，首先先把主旋律和和弦摆出来，然后去加花。加花的话，最佳的办法是模仿。包括也可以模仿人家和声的写法。一般是先模仿，慢慢的才能形成自己的风格。怎么模仿就看自己需要了。
比如，在A叔的化物语里面，有一段双手交替主旋律和伴奏的段落，那一段挺适合那种比较明快，但是觉得高音区有点单薄的曲子。那就可以有意识的去套用。包括A叔unravel中有不少那种把主旋律隐藏在高速分解和弦中的，这种也是很常见的编曲技巧，也是可以套用的。
在模仿到一定阶段后，再形成自己的织体结构。实际上，这些动漫钢琴家自己写的织体，也大部分是从古典中模仿而来的。所以说我觉得过程是尝试模仿—自己有了点想法—对模仿的段落进行修改——修改的越来越多形成自己风格。
提到节奏，主要是目前动漫编曲的节奏大多数都遵循切分。这个点可以注意一点把，可以营造一些紧张感和史诗感，这个来源于爵士编曲。一开始编曲，了解一些爵士的是最高效的。
Keyscape-CollectorKeyboard钢琴这是Spectrasonics继著名的三巨头音色(StylusRMX、Trilian和Omnisphere)后再出的一款钢琴音色是目前较热门的钢琴音色。
点击下面这个链接可以一步步学习用钢琴编曲。
《【编曲教程】编不好钢琴？手把手一步步丰富钢琴伴奏~-哔哩哔哩】
指弹谱=伴奏（六线谱+旋律（简谱；
以伴奏（六线谱作为底本，把简谱的旋律音（音阶填充到六线谱上；
旋律音填充规律是：把原始音升一个度填充上去（要知道吉他指板音阶位置；
强拍上的前半拍（比如/拍的强弱规律是：强、弱、次强、弱必须是和声音程（同时弹响两个音，这两个音要综合两个因素考虑：①、按协和程度排序；②、方便于指法编配；
弱拍上的旋律音不需要配和声音程；
编配完后弹几遍，小问题进行修改。
AmpleguitarM(国产AG系列吉他，音响十分真实)
RealGuitar(技法应有尽有扫弦声音比较真实)
结合以下这个视频更有助于学习用吉他编曲。
《【从零实战编曲教程！【吉他编写】全干货无废话！-哔哩哔哩】
主要注意与贝斯、和弦的搭配
一般需要找比较扎实、头音干净、很闷很重的音色。
注意其高频、中频、低频，厚度，有没有落地感。
对于低频漫射非常多的音色，一般用在没有贝斯的主歌部分。
抒情歌的主歌部分，基本都会用鼓边来替代军鼓，或者去掉一部分军鼓，这样在副歌使用军鼓时，就会形成一个由弱转强的对比
进鼓的小节第一拍一定要有底鼓，但是中间小节可以灵活处理
和军鼓不能重拍，也最好不要靠的过于近
靠近下一拍开头的底鼓，声音力度可以减小
先选底鼓，再选军鼓，最后选hihat
军鼓和底鼓最好是一远一近的关系，底鼓听起来离耳朵近，则需要军鼓听起来较远，这样可以形成纵向声场
先用hihat定位速度、节奏
再在节拍的中间重拍上加军鼓，军鼓是最基础的节奏
最后根据已有的hihat和军鼓来联想底鼓的律动感，增加底鼓
注意，如果能找到合适的RMXloop，就不需要自己手写，除非在换节奏或者推动情绪的关键节点
连续的小打，在节奏中不会有断点
XLNAudioAddictiveDrums(ADD鼓)
StudioDrummer需要Kontakt加载哟~(录音棚实用鼓)
想要进一步学习用架子鼓编曲，可参考以下视频教程。
《【【编曲教程】架子鼓编写系统教程-哔哩哔哩】
TrilogyBass(各种各样的音色都有很饱满)
SpectrasonicsTrilian(作为三巨头之一的它音质质感不错、贝斯种类齐全)
结合我的讲解，点击下面这个链接可更深度地学习用贝斯编曲。
《【【编曲教程】贝斯怎么编写？贝斯的编写方法及加花小技巧-哔哩哔哩】
混音是音乐后期制作中的一个重要步骤，是把多种来源的声音，整合至一个立体音轨或单音音轨中。而混音师的工作，就是需要将前面所进行制作的一些素材混合成成品。在混音的过程中，混音师会将每一个原始信号的频率、动态、音质、定位、残响和声场单独进行调整让各音轨最佳化，之后再叠加于最终成品上。
录音是当确定作词作曲、编曲之后，把每一轨扎扎实实地录下来，录音时需要考究的条件有很多，例如录音棚的隔音、声学空间和反射、演唱者的站位和与话筒的距离和不同的演唱演奏方式。有时候追求细节的录音过程可能一个乐甸或者一句歌词，甚至细化到每一个音都要重新录制和做调整。
推荐一个比较好的教程，大家可以配合我的讲解进一步学习。
《【个混音意想不到的创意技巧，提升你的混音编曲效率-哔哩哔哩】
过带（把多轨MIDI输出成音频，输出时分立体，单声输出
剪切掉不需要的空白部分。
试听全曲，记录每件乐器的特点和频率的分布。
开始对底鼓和BASS进行处理。
再去看乐器而定，一般我都喜欢也去看哪件乐器需要压缩进行处理后才开对其他乐器进行EQ处理。
EQ处理完以后开始空间摆设。
对每个轨道再进行扫频一次。
在录音之前将会有录音师和您进行交流，首先要准备好伴奏和歌词。
进入录音室准备之后，调整话筒与耳麦的距离。
第一遍录音的时候，歌手要适应录音棚的环境，调整伴奏和人声大小，以使自己适合整个录音棚的环境。
在接下来录歌的时候歌手们便会进入状态，此时就可以正式录音了。
正式录音的整个过程，录音师将会指导，要是遇到某个难的句子会单独录制。
最后完成录制之后，进行后期的制作。
后期制作顾名思义就是整个录音结束后，把后期用效果处理一下，调节音量之后，在最后导出一个完整的音乐文件。
后期制作的流程包括：
调整音准，将跑调的音修正。
节奏调整，将没唱准的部分对准拍子即可。
修剪呼吸口，在唱歌时歌手是要进行呼吸的，没有呼吸的歌曲会让听众听的很累，录音后气口会随着音乐情绪的变化有所不同。
添加效果器，如压缩器、均衡器、混响、延迟等等。
母带处理，简单的说母带处理后的音乐会变得更加饱满有力度，也适合也在任何放音设备里进行放音。
AbletonLivepressora一款AbletonLive自带的压缩器，它的重点在于拥有完整的输入、输出与增益衰减的数字电平表，且在各部分还会同时显示峰值（Peak与均方根（RMS的信号，对于新手而言非常适合参考阈值的设定范围。除此之外还带有侧链功能，更能对侧链信号进行频率处理，另外还可以调节前视值（Lookahead)、拓展模式、另外两种显示模式、自动补益等功能，可谓好用而又全面。
视窗界面由ArrangementView和SessionView两个组成，ArrangementView提供类似于常规音乐制作软件的水平剪辑时间线，而SessionView则提供在一个实时表演中所有剪辑的基于网格的描述。
包含Impulse、Simpler、InstrumentRack和DrumRack四种基础乐器，以及各种类型的外部拓展乐器
拥有多种专为Live设计或兼容的MIDI控制设备，例如Akai的APCmkII、Novation的Launchpad、Ableton自己的Push。
包含大部分数字音频领域的常见的MIDI和音频效果器类型，专为电子音乐制作人和DJ量身定制，也同样适用于传统乐器的录制
更全面的音频采样处理功能，包括采样分析、时间拉伸、在线素材、MIDI转换等，以更适应乐曲全局的需要
几乎所有参数都可以通过包络来自动化，不管是音频剪辑、音频设备的参数控制还是映射到MIDI控件
大部分界面都适应现场表演和制作，用户界面很少有消息或对话框的弹出，可以基于箭头随时隐藏和显示某些部分
XferRecordOTTaOTT是一款免费多段压缩器插件，使用起来非常方便。纵观整个插件，只需调节一颗“Depth”旋钮即可达到想要的效果，越往右音色就会越亮，且会产生更多的压缩效果。可以算得上是为数不多的“黑魔法插件”之一，只要加载进去用秒钟调一下就会很好听。
IHeartNYalHeartNY是一款在业内非常出名的平行压缩插件，界面十分简洁，操作也相当简单。用来处理鼓组、乐器音色或人声都相当不错，会带来更多亮度与冲击力，这是传统的串联式压缩处理所不能做到的效果。
我的讲解配合这个视频课程，可更有效地从零开始学习编曲。《【你还不会编曲吗？】B站首个从零开始的完整的编曲教程『P更新完毕』-哔哩哔哩】
在歌曲中加入弦乐能明显增加抒情性，我个人也是个弦乐控，特爱听弦乐丰满的曲子，嘻嘻。弦乐的编写最简单的就是以和声填充内声部，不过都这样写听起来会比较机械，而富于变化的弦乐编写会在不知不觉中给曲子增色不少。弦乐可以演奏歌曲的副旋律，但要注意不能干扰到主旋律。
编写弦乐通常需要做到与主旋律前呼后应、相辅相成，然后点上CB根音进行，再填写内声部，这是个关键，因为内声部不仅要起到和声的作用，还要有独立个性的旋律性，内声部的编写是需要功力的，这一点可以慢慢摸索练习。初写弦乐可以从长音着手，保持声部平稳流畅，同时起到丰满和声的效果，渐渐熟练后，就可以适当加入一些复调对位，增加曲子的推动力。
编曲流行配器四大件就是钢琴、吉他、鼓、贝斯。这四个乐器也是最常用的。
很多编曲学习者的工程看起来比较杂乱，究其原因，无非是轨道命名没有统一的规则，给大家分享一套轨道命名方法。
大致的规则：乐器分组＋乐器名称（＋特殊技法＋特殊效果＋数字，
如：DRUMKICKHARD，表示的是：鼓组＋底鼓＋硬的；
STRINGSVIOLINPIZZVERB，表示的是：弦乐组＋小提琴＋拨奏＋带混响效果。
乐器分组，常见的有：
DRUM—鼓，PERC—打击乐，SFX一特殊效果，BASS—低音，KEYS—键盘，GUITAR—吉他，SYNTH—合成器，STRINGS—弦乐，WINDS—管乐，VOX—人声组，SAMPLE一采样，TONAL﹣音高乐器。
合并原则，即某类乐器轨数较少，可以合并到接近的分类去，
如：打击乐只有一两轨，合并到【DRUM﹣鼓组】;合成器只有两轨，合并到【KEYS﹣键盘组】。
分组不宜太多，一般控制在组以内，不过太少也不好。
如果吉他、键盘、合成器、弦乐、管乐等都只有一两轨，那么没有必要强行分组，默认它们都是TONAL组即可。
尽量使用英文，且所有英文大写，这样看起来会更统一些。多使用英文缩写，在不影响阅读的前提下，使用缩写效率会更高。
自学会走很多弯路，建议找身边的有经验的编曲老师学习，或者网络课程。
听具有代表性的音乐，听它的配器组成，找出与歌曲类似的乐器与织体，研究不同于其他风格的编配技巧。
如果想成为一名把最终听觉掌握在自己手中的编曲师，那就要尽量在前期完成大部分的混音。这方面的学习，可以直接买书学习，也可以上网站与论坛学习。
不排斥任何有音乐和声音展现的媒体在观看视频时，多留意音乐和声音出现时给自己带来的情绪上的变化，总结这些音乐和声音的模式。
音乐人专辑、广告配乐、自媒体、影视配乐、游戏配乐、动漫配乐。
钢琴为主的Pop流行风格。
这个体系一般是比较柔和抒情的曲子，以钢琴作为主要的和声乐器。可以用到柱式、分解或者综合运用各种节奏型，主歌部分的鼓节奏可以用闭合击镲的音色支撑，到了副歌部分，为了突出织体，可以使用完整的鼓节奏。总体要求平稳，尽量不要切分。Bass的编写上不用太花哨，跟随强拍，使用长时值演奏。此外，为了更好地表现曲子的抒情性，可以加入一个pad音色进行融合，副歌部分可以加入弦乐来加厚织体。
吉他为主的Pop流行风格。
这个体系也主要是缓慢抒情的曲子，以吉他为主要和声乐器。可以选用尼龙弦吉他和钢丝弦吉他两种音色，钢丝弦吉他为主，尼龙弦吉他为辅，声像一左一右。鼓节奏可有选择稍硬朗一些的，有主干节奏作为骨架，为了增加主歌和副歌的对比，还可以加入军鼓的音色，当然，节奏需要加花推进的地方一定不要放弃使用。同样的，在副歌加入弦乐增加织体厚度。
Beat的流动织体风格。
这种风格音符运动速度加快，音乐流动性增强，以十六分音符为基本时值单位，节奏平稳流畅，也是抒情类的Pop音乐体系。可以分别用尼龙弦吉他和电钢琴搭配作为和声乐器，使织体音乐色彩偏暖，突出音乐的抒情性。其中，尼龙弦吉他主要演奏主体的节奏音型，电钢琴则辅以和声形态的烘托，相辅相成。Bass同样是提供长时值的低音，有时也可稍加附点变化。鼓节奏安排上，可以用闭合击镲进行十六分音符的滚动式演奏，底鼓和军鼓进行节拍上的强弱搭配，军鼓则作为段落对比的重要手段，如前面可以用击鼓边的音色，后面可以用击鼓的音色。为了增加音乐流动感，还可以加入色彩性的打击乐器如沙球进行点缀。
这种体系主要以原声音色为主，节奏轻快，情绪对比以及爆发性都不是很强烈。主干织体可用双吉他模式，木吉他进行扫弦式音型演奏，电吉他在二、四拍等弱拍上演奏和弦，以此来改变节奏的重音，造成摇滚的感觉。Bass可以选用力度强的PeakBass，基本保持与底鼓节奏一致，以强化强拍。鼓节奏处理上，军鼓的节奏基本固定，底鼓可进行不间断的切分，增加摇滚的感觉，可以使用击镲边的音色增加氛围感。另外，还可以加入一个合唱人声音色对织体进行丰富和烘托。
重金属风格的特点是低音部分表现比较突出，因此Bass十分厚重，经常用失真电吉他展现激励的音响效果，间奏也常用电吉他来演奏大段Solo。为了突出低音，Bass的选择还是PeakBass，失真吉他音区选择也是偏重低音区，为了突出重金属感，主干织体可选择两把失真吉他作为和声乐器，扫弦式音型和长音相结合，凸显厚重的金属织体。Bass演奏以平稳的强弱节奏为主，注重音色的颗粒感，铺满整个低声部层。鼓节奏与普通摇滚节奏相似，连接处可进行填充加花，突出军鼓力度以增加摇滚的动感。副歌部分还可以加入两个色彩性打击乐器（如沙锤和手铃进行点缀。
这类的摇滚风格，主要是电子加和声PAD，像陈奕迅和王菲的后期音乐有很多这样方面的风格编曲.比如香奈儿，再见萤火虫，浮夸，主旋律.这样的歌用了很多合成器.但是音色的风格来自于英国.像年代就已经存在了.这类的特点就是，效果比较诡异和迷幻.喜欢的朋友可以不妨研究一下.
学会构建体系。编曲学习是要建立在体系上的有了一套体系才能有针对性的选择性学习知识点完全吸收后再将其填补到它需要到达的知识点。
适当记笔记。在学习的过程中一定要养成记笔记的习惯否则学习内容就会变成过眼云烟，可以经常翻阅，久而久之，一切流程都会变得水到渠成。
在一阶段学习后尝试制作一些东西给自己营造反馈。编曲是需要实战的，光靠看视频学来的东西都会被遗忘。必须一步一步、脚踏实地的做好学到的每一样东西。百分之百的将知识点还原才能百分之百的提升自我进步的速度取决于平时练习的勤快与否。有了每一阶段的编曲作品反馈，才能总结出上一阶段哪里没做好，下一阶段需要加强哪一块知识点。有方向性的学习编曲，实践制造反馈后又再次服务于下一阶段的学习方向，这样才能不断进步。
总是想要收集并搞懂所有音源。初学最好先掌握几款最重要的主流音源，等了解常用乐器的音色分布特点和弹奏技巧，把基础的编曲做好后，再慢慢地接触新音色，一步步完善自己的能力。
编得越满越好听。不考虑频段打架，拼命在作品中加各种音色，最后作品结构混乱，主次全无。点缀的乐器盖过了主旋律的表达。
为了“高级”乱用各种音。把音阶上的音用遍不是本事，用尽可能少的音符表意清晰才是高手。删掉声部里不必要的音，修改会出现不良音响效果的音，把要强调的音调节力度和位置突显出来。
%Chowto_content%E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编曲指的是一首歌的伴奏部分，就是去掉歌手唱的部分，编曲的核心在于用不同乐器进行编配。它既不是古典音乐体系中配器法在流行音乐领域中简单的复制与模仿，也不是狭隘的电声乐队配器，而是通过对现代流行音乐配器的分析与总结。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TugdOkmSoyxILfqcjhmn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基础乐理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOAEdqGimoasEgxABpucwgEsnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“乐理”是所有音乐课程学习的基础内容其中包括“音阶、乐音体系、调式、音程”等一系列具有催眠效果的知识点。作为零基础初学者想要学好编曲所需要的乐理知识就要从熟记音名和唱名开始到基础的音程(两个音)构建再到和弦(三个音及以上)构建。流行歌中常用到的就会是七和弦、九和弦、十一和弦等高叠和弦学习了乐理入门写作实战时会更加轻松一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MKQMdMkAIoyMGxYveTcEsWLnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下文讲解搭配","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"视频可以更好的学习乐理知识《【基础乐理入门（共集-哔哩哔哩】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":""},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IQsdkeoAwxKFbcOCEGnIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音符","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PaodOQoEsxAZgcswnhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音符由三个部分组成，即符头、符干和符尾。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgYdkmoKoSyExKYUNcVwknSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音符的种类有：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYGdugoUGKaxmgHcHvNnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、全音符：没有符干和符尾的空心的白色音符叫“全音符”；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GmdeYWooEGKYxwiBcMMHnFt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、二分音符：带有符干、没有符尾的白色音符叫“二分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HUCEdYYGcoCysixOgfcAzTVnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、四分音符：带有符干、没有符尾的黑色音符叫“四分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NyaidOiOooSYYxVeHcZLhTnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、八分音符：带有符干和条符尾的黑色音符叫“八分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAkdgmisoCAmxILsvczasndc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、十六分音符：带有符干和条符尾的黑色音符叫“十六分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmCwdwSokIcmxgmsOcgKncq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、三十二分音符：带有符干和条符尾的黑色音符叫“三十二分音符”，等于全音符/的时值；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWeEdKeaWosYWCxsAcTcrQknjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、六十四分音符：带有符干条符尾的黑色音符叫“六十四分音符”，等于全音符/的时值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyWAdGOSmoQuKAxStupcdPVGnWM"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音符","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"EAwdeWUEokOOxKAChcjXwnne"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音符","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"LAsdUCAYoqSeMxopYzcKGnXg"}],"text":"","id":"KcedKowooYiCxohwLcyZknJc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"调号","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcedKowooYiCxohwLcyZknJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调号就是在五线谱上，谱行开头的谱号后面标注的变音记号。这个变音记号对乐谱中所有同名音都有效，也就是说，调号中的升降号标在哪个音的位置，则乐谱中遇见所有这个音以及它们的同名音（八度的倍音都要按谱号中的升降号升高或降低半音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AaoyduAoQomAxQXyXNnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"升号调：CGDAEB#F#C（bD","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OSCdeYuoWeMIxqYLacRSlFnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"降号调：FbBbEbAbDbGbC（B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YykUdyYaQoAOoexOrfcZLmnqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"原理：先看这个五度圈图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoIdQaesoKcuxufOcFNfgnzd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调号","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"ASudCgoOeMxWTzcfRHhnhf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调号上面使用升号（#的称作「升号调」；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IqoKdgomKkxWucZczjbpnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调号上面使用降号（b的称作「降号调」；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmCudQgowuexVmZchrrne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一个自然音阶里有七个音，所以升降号最多能加七个。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AAdiCsaoyqexYHcvUuPnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"「升号调」：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GysQdCkWoGFxUIicAKGInII"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比C调的构成音多一个升号的调是G调（G，A，B，C，D，E，F#，所以G调调号有个升号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmOkdAYAKoGSCMxMfIicvuyYnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比G调的构成音多一个升号的调是D调（D，E，F#，G，A，B，C#，所以D调调号有个升号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZUydqiAkouUKCxcHofcywTnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比D调的构成音多一个升号的调是A调（A，B，C#，D，E，F#，G#，所以A调调号有个升号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGSdCsgaoMeOxoTZTceZfne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比A调的构成音多一个升号的调是E调（E，F#，G#，A，B，C#，D#，所以E调调号有个升号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FGkIdsqeOmMxUhFchgElnYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比E调的构成音多一个升号的调是B调（B，C#，D#，E，F#，G#，A#，所以B调调号有个升号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MUQodqSOqoYKuxtrcuSfIntb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比B调的构成音多一个升号的调是F#调（F#，G#，A#，B，C#，D#，E#，所以F#调调号有个升号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgadEOogAWsxGOIQcSpNpnhe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比F#调的构成音多一个升号的调是C#调（C#，D#，E#，F#，G#，A#，B#，所以C#调调号有个升号；（极不常用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYWidqqoGUqOxMjDlcYewEnHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"调号","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"VKYEdCwYoOScsxauwKEnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对此总结上述规律，随着升号增加：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSdmQKAoUmExGuCJcSwnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C→G→D→A→E→B→F#→C#","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYCdUsOGoMixwthfcWVMnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"恰好相邻的两个音之间构成的是纯五度关系。而且随着升号的增加，先后被升高的音分别是：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCadSgGoCkxAdcKYqVe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"F，C，G，D，A，E，B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAUdoOqooYAxusZczrypnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相邻的两个音之间也是纯五度关系，升号调调号上写升号的顺序也是这个顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYgOduWmcoaOGxgVIUcRNtQnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"「降号调」：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NedquAGoMyKGxAKDicAvDnbT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比C调的构成音多一个降号的调是F调（F，G，A，Bb，C，D，E，所以F调调号有个降号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UKOcdKIcQoEKmxQpeYAnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比F调的构成音多一个降号的调是Bb调（Bb，C，D，Eb，F，G，A，所以Bb调调号有个降号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWqEdaGeokyqxIvDcrZynng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比Bb调的构成音多一个降号的调是Eb调（Eb，F，G，Ab，Bb，C，D，所以Eb调调号有个降号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QEOdacGgoosixoFiMmUnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比Eb调的构成音多一个降号的调是Ab调（Ab，Bb，C，Db，Eb，F，G，所以Ab调调号有个降号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGyedsIkgokGGYxYOvcxKMZnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比Ab调的构成音多一个降号的调是Db调（Db，Eb，F，Gb，Ab，Bb，C，所以Db调调号有个降号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JuAdwwqqogoxSFWcSjgnQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比Db调的构成音多一个降号的调是Gb调（Gb，Ab，Bb，Cb，Db，Eb，F，所以Gb调调号有个降号；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCMadoImuowKQCxcqcklvlnRJ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、比Gb调的构成音多一个降号的调是Cb调（Cb，Db，Eb，Fb，Gb，Ab，Bb，所以Cb调调号有个降号；（极不常用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MkWGdSWAKoyUxAduXcAodnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对此总结上述规律，随着降号增加：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOcdKKaAoyqxWcXTcqjnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C→F→Bb→Eb→Ab→Db→Gb→Cb","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QYkodGqcGoIiqGxiwZBcuyWHnJh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"恰好相邻的两个音之间构成的是纯四度（纯五度的转位关系。而且随着降号的增加，先后被降低的音分别是：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IYWediWYCoKgOaxmdcQvYfnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B，E，A，D，G，C，F","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGGdACqKoIuImxYiIRmnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相邻的两个音之间也是纯五度关系，降号调调号上写降号的顺序也是这个顺序。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZcmdSCoIqOcxglCscxTXhnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在实际使用时，由于十二平均率里的等音关系，为了避免升降号过多影响读谱，通常：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FgdACkouikYxIRcQhGjnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B调代替Cb调，Db调代替C#调。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkowdqQOeouSGxoJeTcmPYnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"全音和半音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcesdaqUqoyKIxOWurcIorUd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"全音和半音","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"WOQgdwYSoUIsexCfrcuBlnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音名和唱名","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VCwdyYgowUUWxemBqciMonwc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音名和唱名","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"UOGedOCIWoUiwxkPKcxqNnc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"节拍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JsMOdiowkoIQwxiIIcfZsnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小节：小节与小节之间，以纵线为界。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EYSydogQyiqxOUByclentY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"节拍：每隔一定时间重复出现的有一定强弱分别的一系列拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUEdOeioQOgxeOygcyMppnIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拍号：分数表示，分母表示以什么音符为一拍，分子表示一小节有几拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TwCdkuKYoucQkxIJNcBflnBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例：/拍，以四分音符为拍，每小节有四拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EUidmQioCkAxANocWitnjb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"歌曲速度","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIudGcSYoAQcKxwZKqcpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以每分钟节拍数计数，单位BPM。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VEEdYAUsomaScxfvcDhyynsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例：OBPM＝每分钟拍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HmOdSGYooESoxPTcLvednfl"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简谱常用标记","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OydEgYMoKIoxgrTocGSYfnub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":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","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"一般在乐谱上，移调是以记号而不是半音数为单位的，根音上/下行度，就增加一个升/降记号。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZgUEdSIMgocAxQDKlTXQnkf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"升降标记","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"PqUOdEkygoGwxekyXcuKRnwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱名法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SaUadyEcqokWYExIocQbalnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱名法，有固定唱名法和首调唱名法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HUcMdQqeomwyxoNVcvantb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、固定调唱名法／C调唱名法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QEIqdEUEomuCuxYfecjNCHne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以绝对音高为基础，任何调下永远不变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWcodyeMoCGgxuOvvcXvwnBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"即=CDEFGAB，音名唱名任何调下不变。固定调对于需要根据五线谱视奏的乐器更方便，如提琴。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWEkdIYcokWExfnFBMjBntX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、首调唱名法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcWMdiQCoQSYExKXwciHgnv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以相对音高为基础，不同调下的唱名对应音名变化。先确定主音，再按照调式／音阶排列规律得到具体音名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UQqAdwyokyAxYRcUAEnke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如：G大调，以G为主音，按照大调调式排列，得到GABCDEF#","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqWWdwiUogQOwxqohScAbOnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"唱名，以什么调为主音的，就以主音为do。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsGgdqmQoGQxqISfHpnrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如：C调，=C；A调，=A","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyUEdAMKoWamxMPdcIyone"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首调更注重主音，以及其他音级和主音的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqodscwoWcuIxEecZenjnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首调在即兴伴奏，流行／爵士即兴等情况下更方便。自然大调的唱名、、、、、、。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GiIsdsWKomUGxIlxzclCiVnig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自然小调的唱名、、b、、b、b，为方便使用，自然小调以为主音的唱名、、、、、、。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQMcduEooCIxeyZVinBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、调式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EsGUdgMsoAYMxoDQTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个音为主，按照一定规律排列构成的音阶，就是调式。为为主的音，叫做主音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"adQKeoQecxKQuYcRDhnGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"调式中各音之间的关系，就是稳定与不稳定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SuIEdWIkoEYExcMYcxlsnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在三个稳定音中，其稳定程度也是不同的，其中最稳定的音，就叫做主音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ISmEdoQeQoEqGKxkiCBcqGfjndb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"根音","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYkdcGgMoOcMoxQnkcKxrpnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程中的较低音叫做“根音”(root)，位于原位和弦最下面，根音上的三度音称为三音，根音上的五度音称为五音。任何音阶中的任意音级均可作为根音，于其上方加入三音与五音而构成三和弦，每个和弦视其根音在音阶上的名称或音级数而命名。在和弦的基本形态中是最下端的一音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZUWgdCEoSomoCExenczlTnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根音的具体规则：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwduGwQoMscsxQJXceRnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"规则一","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CecydOGEOoUAxcjiuMnue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根音必须是和弦基本形态中最下方的音；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScScdwwaWoagwMxuoAmqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"规则二","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FwdYWqoeEsUxEpaHcWSnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"英文字就是根音，例如：C的根音是C，Cm的根音也是C，C的根音一样是C。同理：Em根音就是E，G根音就是G，D根音就是D；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAmEduYsMoaKuMxbVWYcSoq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"规则三","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeqdGyksoysuxagtGcSCtSnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"俗称的“分数和弦”，“分子”是根音，“分母”是最低音，C/G则是C为根音G为最低音，C/E是C为根音最低音是E。同理，G/B就是G为根音B为最低音。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwsdASoMgaxKMcycyJbnKe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIdOwyoayaxKowIcJsvnqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程指两个音级在音高上的相互关系，就是指两个音在音高上的距离而言，其单位名称叫做度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIYYdWuUoWyeMxKeGcxxZMnsG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程由属性、数字、单位组成，例如纯五度、大三度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CskwdUImoEoKxknUXcTdEAnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下，C到G有个白键，所以是五度；#C到G也是五度。所以用属性区分为纯五度和减五度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VCUiduSoQwEYxkQbsctLMnQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程指两个音级在音高上的相互关系，就是指两个音在音高上的距离而言，其单位名称叫做度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsdkKgqoWEQAxAjrcpxmjnWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音程由属性、数字、单位组成，例如纯五度、大三度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RAGdQSEGoQUyAxyegpcisRknHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如下，C到G有个白键，所以是五度；#C到G也是五度。所以用属性区分为纯五度和减五度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQudOOWoiisxwLJEcamWXnTb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音程","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"MoSqdeI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个乐器且比较接近时，那么可以使用以下一些技巧达到更好的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgsdsyyeoQIMxsBrckDbanZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，可以采用不同的排列法（密集和开放排列相互补充，一来得到了更饱满的音响效果，二来避免和弦音完全重复抹杀了特定乐器的音色。其次，可以通过调节声像方位来分散平衡内声部的堆砌感。再次，可以适当处理音色，从而避免同音区音响上的堆砌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CMckdKaUsoskxmbdcRJZdndb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音的色彩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MuIkdoEsOoYWSxioLdcFARnncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoCdiWWmoScKaxywMcPtOvnhq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再来说说关于声音的“色彩”。其实声音也可以分成冷和暖的。高频尖锐的声音（如钢琴就是偏向冷色调的，而低频乐器的声音就比较温暖。音色冷暖的合理搭配也是织体编写中需要适当斟酌的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TuEYdSyowegxkbQqcxMsnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当几个音共同发出音响并且形成了连续的进行这时它们就构成了和声的关系。相比横向的旋律走向和声讲究的是音的纵向分布与排列。它对于音乐作品的发展对于加深和丰富音乐作品的表现力具有非常重要意义。流行歌写作中最常用到的几种经典和声走向举例如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BAIuduMIioCxOZWconEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一种：C–Am–F–G(“烂大街走向”：)；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NGUqdciacoKCqxqGQcsrlnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二种：F–G–Em–Am–Dm–G–C(经典副歌走向：)；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqMgdycGuoWUQqxCIecmOUng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三种：C–G/B–Am–G–F–C/E–Dm–G(经典卡农走向：)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwawdoSoIoYmeExdQLcuTBnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"综上所述建议零基础初学者建议掌握和弦的基本用法和声掌握经典走向后尝试用高级和弦来替代基础和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UIYmdQekoCIGxMlAFchVlZnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和声方面推荐的学习资料有《流行音乐与爵士乐和声学（第版》（任达敏，《爵士和声》（陈云强。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FoMdsQyaoWwoMxeSlHcwIWZnLh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"声音的色彩","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"DMwYdaCAGoKyaxygzKcBZbznpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZsyodMCmoIqxmQdXcIBCdntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦是指有一定音程关系的一组声音，即将三个或以上的音，按照三度或非三度的叠置关系，在纵向上加以结合，就称为和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SGaUdqmMSoOqEmxINTncSXnWg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦属性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HawdksQooaKOOxkVLZIyone"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据和弦属性，三和弦有：大三和弦、小三和弦、增三和弦、减三和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PUqdwKgWoEQOxaGrWcziwfnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大三和弦：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AKgQdsYCQokQxiGcdnnIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根音到三音是大三度，三音到五音是小三度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKSdisQoQWGxkZxqQaSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有：一级和弦、四级和弦、五级和弦(、、)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HIWCdkMcoQOkIxotrcXUtpngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小三和弦：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkAmdACUookoxqcSPMZnqH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根音到三音是小三度，三音到五音是大三度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TGdoIgKoceAqxgFyocLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有：二级和弦、三级和弦、六级和弦(、、)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DuSdkmiioacyxkhlhcSVyynBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减三和弦：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GawQdQGWoAqxngNcGljnnFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根音到三音是小三度，三音到五音是小三度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NEsdKEGuoOxicxFcJnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"只有：七级和弦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ReYadqIwoooqAkxaETaclQrqnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦标记方式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VagdUKEwoCwsixHnScsZKnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大三和弦：Major，标记方法可省略，如：C和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCgdkQioWAixMRfEmIg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小三和弦：Minor，标记方法可简写m，如：Am和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqQgduEcoIQGoxnKFcvPye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减三和弦：Diminish，标记方法可简写dim，如：Bdim和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQQKdcaCYoAGkxmKkcXNZnnIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"和弦属性","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"QqdOWoiWAxmYcuhrnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"普通和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUKmdEkSwoIUxmcqjczzLndg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkCIduoqyMxaFjmciAQfngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由三个音按照三度关系叠置起来的和弦，叫做三和弦。三和弦各音由下而上称为根音、三音、五音，分别以、、标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OuMcdISoEIoOxqOemcanRnPh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三和弦","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"FuWKdcocQoiYCYxiaKacQgAnle"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"七和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwMqdiaoouGyoxWiiclIInVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由四个音按照三度关系叠置起来的和弦，叫做七和弦。七和弦各音由下而上称为根音、三音、五音、七音，分别以、、、标记。","id":""}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+R（R=Repeat","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuqdIggGoaOaMxCmfcGnDXnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、修改当前片段名称：（选中某一段落后?+N（N=Name","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WMmmdKMGsogKqkxoMZhcLUpGnC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、修改轨道名称后继续快速换行修改：Tab","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VIWcdKuAOoOUQUxgtUEcDkwhnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开/隐藏library：Y","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaEydSCOougxgZdncUUinDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开音频设置：?+X","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSeKdEggOoexWkEcAKnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开/隐藏Inspector：I（I=Inspector","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KYdAGuqoEgxCDTczZunHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开隐藏混音界面：X（X=Mix","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAudYmogMsSxFoPcPSNOnuR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、放大当前区域：Z（Z=ZOOM","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOqdUeOuoYekxGUrWOMynxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开Global：G（G=Global","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TiudoGUEoUMaxuIcWmWnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、快速打标记Marker：?+‘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGEdqMQQoQoyxAjutcrkTnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、移动到：/","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWkdqWCosskxMVcwaAbnme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开乐段AppleLoop：O（O=Loop","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSUedYEWcoiIIqxcVtbxNnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开文件：F（F=File","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EcgedOKosOOaxWUbXcjbZknTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、导入文件：?+I（I=Import","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKeAdOKiEoQgYxEvzcDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、把多个轨道放入一个组内：（选中所需轨道?+?+D","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZMAmdUMkoewxGwqcDFjGnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、?+?+G（G=Group可以直接把选中轨道给Summing","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MOdyYoqEkmxsIWcqsinHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、在进度条处播放：鼠标双击进度条（可以忽视Looper","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EYWdSsyqoAwWxvKbJcsSqKnJz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、放大/缩小横轴纵轴：?+方向键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XGIdQWsKoQsAgxIzYdcaSMVnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、拖动放大横轴纵轴：?+鼠标左右/上下拖动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqkdacMoSWkxcKQcBojsnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、音频区域选择：?+拖动选中区域+点击选中区域（音频段落自动剥离出来","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEmmdaAaosixiekTcWViEnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、在当前位置合并为音频BounceinPlace：选中所需区域?+B（B=Bounce","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MdiEceoiwxewpzcmUBnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开笔记：?+?+P（超好用的创作记录工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PyYydqEyoUCUxMPTToWnSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开自动化：A（A=Automation","id":""}],"text":"","id":"dwKoUosgwxVvIczNUty"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、选中自动化区域：?+鼠标拖动（此时可以直接拖动当前区域的自动化参数","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmiqdywooexCerxceaZgnDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、调整自动化曲线：?+?+鼠标拖动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PEGMduOaosEgcxAthwcairnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、删除当前轨道所有自动化：?+?+Delete（无论多乱，一键删除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DqKdgoooCKxWEwPcTzVnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、切换自动化参数：?+Y（配合这个快捷键，切换参数后，可以一键删除所有不需要的自动化参数","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EYWSdgASioIkSxzJpVcOTFhnAt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开Flex按钮：?+F（F=Flex","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CAdmWSowiEyxmXTczupVnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、调出工具菜单：T","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZKIdOSoMyYxKkcQJaJnCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、鼠标：T+T","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PeqdGQOoYmCAxGxNecQighnQZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、剪刀：T+I","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KEiydYUkoWwUixEnZcpwQnrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、Mute：T+M","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqYdeKukooxUrQXcHIvjnIc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、Fade工具：T+A","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PUmdSgocASixohxDcTqinqO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开轨道颜色选项：?+C（C=color","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WiSedgeUUoaUexKWIcWdnih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、现实隐藏当前所有插件窗口：V（像下图无论多少个插件，直接V全部隐藏/显示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NmcdSqUWouYkYxRDcQLLnJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开当前轨道插件：选中当前轨道后，?+、、、（数字代表第几个插件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOdoYQwoeMYixgPxScHQxEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、改变MIDI段落总体的时长：?+边缘拖动（例如Bar个和弦，可以拉长为Bar个和弦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DagUdKCOoYkExOYsdLnsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、从选中片段的开头播放Playfromregion：选中一个片段+Shift+Space空格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZokudcaGqokIAxiRcYjgnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、合并所选区域：?+J（J=Join","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WMCdEcwGoqIQSxxKncijtynte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、在指针的位置切割片段：?+T","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JoGydaaYoSwxaogcsJnee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开去「除音频之间的静音部分」功能：?+X","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IeudcwqoMOuYxSaocwSvfne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、给混音「辅助轨」道建立「编辑轨道」（用于自动化：?+T","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYydEWMuoYEGxUdcJvDnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢琴卷帘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOSQdMUkoGoexwxarcQgHNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开/隐藏钢琴卷帘：P（P=Piano","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YKgdEkyAoImuxoRicgpPnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开/隐藏编辑界面：（选中音频则是音频编辑界面，选中MIDI则是MIDI编辑界面E（E=Edit","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OkOIdeICoWuSxIrCSckejnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、打开乐谱界面：N","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkAkdOkCmowOkxSpocXxifnTZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MIDI工具栏：（在MIDI编辑区域内T","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSkSdOmaooEACxSefcrrWnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、书写MIDI：T+P","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RydMwesoUgkUxondZScDnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MIDI移动半音：?+上下方向键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OswMdWOacoAExkTkTcFianxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MIDI左右移动一格：?+左右方向键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QKYMdAceoOQoxkHGOcKdPXnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MIDI移动八度：?+?+上下方向键（贼好用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAdKsKaoOsOaxGMzjcBLInkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、平均分割MIDI：（在剪刀工具下T+I?+鼠标点击","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WioYdiCooGSexgERczadnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MIDI自动化：（在钢琴卷帘界面里A","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGAdoaSyoSKEUxofhJGfsnbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、快速拖动调节MIDI力度：?+?+鼠标拖动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOOedUYoCocewIxyWcEcAmTnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MIDI力度相同：（在力度工具下T+V?+?+鼠标拖动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LeOdgycoqCqxkhlNcXfnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、统一MIDI长度：（选中所需MIDI?+?+鼠标拖动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YwIdyAAooWKAxwhEwcidEFnTd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MIDI力度画线：选中音符后，在力度区域画一条线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SsqAdQYaocAuwxYIcVMgin"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、（在不录音的情况下将演奏的MIDI记录下来：?+R","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IuoSdCImMocEsKxnzJcrgqnqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"电脑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ByqsdKwSSocyqExGyicpxwnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编曲的电脑主要对cpu、内存、硬盘有要求，音频电脑其实和视频电脑配置差不多，都需要数据吞吐量够大，视频电脑多集中在高端显卡上，音频可以降低显卡配置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MMksdOioGsQYxMrHRchdxnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在进行编曲的过程中，主要是通过内存的加载与CPU的运算，同时配合硬盘来完成对音色的使用。因此，主要考虑的是CPU、内存与硬盘，显而易见的就是我们根本不需要显卡。由于市面上的品牌组装机存在着较为明显的溢价状态，所以比较推荐自己组装。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OoasdKSUyogkxddacSTnyN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大致需要的参数如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TqkqdiACuoOCuqxWghPchtWUnZb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"电脑","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"IYedMOeokSOkxPkscZTKnyL"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐电脑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BmywdoSIQoKyuxnDAcsdByne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、台式机设备建议（经济紧张型建议","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QyIduWCQoUgsxAprqcjjnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Cpu：IK，I","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UsdmaIoMUOexsXXcGAjWnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬盘：G或G以上（建议固态硬盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMYdMGowcGxgXrhcrQpnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内存：G","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeqdKKUoiQWxwpINctXConrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"预算范围：—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WKodcYwoeYsMxOetZcmHmrnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、台式机设备建议（经济宽裕型建议，适合到后期","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UwUkdsEkowgKxETpcyemFnVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Cpu：IKK，IK","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CGGediGeUoiSQqxUrcmYynre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬盘：T或T以上（建议固态硬盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYiedqaioQgIixgbEcjuMnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内存：G-G","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QeAdaCqeoaYxGHvJcHMG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"预算范围：—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CuidUeoUAoxcoTcIiPngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、笔记本配置建议（经济紧张型建议","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EeSGdgIkooIUxItRjcdVkOnNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Cpu：Iu，Iu","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCdIkoUKaYxqMfKcUZunzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬盘：G或G以上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YSqCdCqgoWUwIxEPcJDnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内存：G","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YUdoGuogkoxkTcmcTnDnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"预算范围：—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmoodmegomOxWYBWcMCinngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、笔记本配置建议（经济宽裕型建议，适合到后期","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOMWdIaogisxAvMlcDacMnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Cpu：IHQ，IHQ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AEudYyEOoKMexclcJBensc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬盘：T或T以上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoydAEUokeGWxEOOcFpDindd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内存：G-G","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RMUdkWwoSGCGxYbcPcEABtnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"预算范围：—","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MmcudyywioowIxmGTQcyOyjngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐笔记本电脑：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIkedWAEoMEUkxKiMcMXCknFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、MacbookPro和iMac","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HooAdgmyogqkxMWBcOXnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MacbookPro跟iMac得益于M芯片的诞生，在使用Logic进行编曲时，整体的性能直线上升，所以如果是以Logic作为主要制作宿主的话，首当其冲的还是M以上+G以上的MacbookPro或者iMac。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQSYdoAaioQweoxKSLcPfAnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在实际应用中，MacbookPro适合移动处理，方便快捷便携，不受环境因素限制。而iMac更加适合在一个固定的地方进行操作。或者直接一样一个，Mac生态下，可以进行完美衔接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkIdguMowkqxMLjzcQHpns"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐电脑","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"SIGUdYcgKoMogOxSieczzbnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"苹果笔记本电脑MacBookPro英寸年新款Mmax芯片","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TEeedokMxCqfzXKnpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐电脑","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"CmkmdIwgoGymExekwTcvAgxnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AppleiMac英寸.K屏八核M芯片(核图形处理器)GGSSD一体式电脑主机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmMdSwWoqqGxAVKcxzJenYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、华硕灵耀X","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkdIQgSCQxAyhcrRrnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据这个机器的配置，在进行编曲的过程中，两个屏幕的效果很显然要好于单屏幕，这款本的双屏幕，完全可以把参数设置放在下面的屏幕中，同时两款屏幕都是触屏的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EYaedGuAoacSxOWqgcoLXlnEc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐电脑","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"XAMYdkqGqoQuIsxKybQcotOnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"华硕灵耀XAMD锐龙八核.KOLEDP色域全面屏笔记本电脑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VsydIgKouKaUxerrcmRNbnWc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音频接口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuIdaSogmsuxqmcrcMvknme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音频接口就是我们常说的声卡，它的主要功能是对音频信号进行转换，直接推荐外置声卡了，因为根据电脑推荐来看，除了组装机外，其余的并不适用内置声卡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LmdaaKuoOcgcxsdrWcVpqxnCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐接口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYUWdyWKoaoEIxoilNcAuInyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、SSL+","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KmYcdGgoOeEAxYCRcXuEFnc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自带系列模拟效果器，具备着两种声音特性，其一，具备音乐性的高频EQ提升，营造前进的感觉。其二，可控微调的谐波失真，更进一步融入信号链中。配合MonitorMix监听控制软件，带来了高品质的输出耳放效果，相对于SSL来说，SSL+增加至双耳机输出，同时配备了MIDI输入与输出接口，额外的非平衡RCA莲花输出接口方便DJ使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZmudUoSOoCkAAxTfcXEnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQSodYISoAqysxsdhScGRUrnAd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐接口","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"ZQadYMuGoIieGxkLMpcHvDUnYS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、UAX","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FoeodkUgoQQGxEjcaeinNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"为了方便操作，X使用了与TwinX相同的倾斜面板，让操作变的更加的直观。DSP、Unison、AD/DA模块高度集成，高性能需要高电压，而为了应对高电压带来的发热，X在两侧、底部都有设置开孔以此来增加散热效果。软件调音台一直是Apollo声卡的核心组成部分，X同样也具备两个新特征，其一，所有通道推子的行程从dB增加至dB，通过提升通道输出电平，扩展整体混音动态。其二，全新DSP配对功能，可以在单一通道条内构建更大的插件链，虚拟通道数量将会随着DSP配对数量的增加而减少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwmcdAkiowaOxIfERcYWQrnwd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐接口","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"FiUidQeomwGxmSWcjEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、ApogeeDuet","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuWgdqeeoyWIxqzcRPWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"作为ApogeeDuet系列的最新产品，Duet的诞生依旧秉承着Apogee最核心的音质体验，结合Apogee的传奇AD/DA电路设计，拥有同类产品中不可比拟的音质硬实力。Duet拥有个输入接口和个输出接口，并配置世界一流的前级放大器，能够自然真实地再现每一个声音细节。连接音箱的输出接口使用真正的全平衡差分电路设计，准确掌握实时返听和混音监听的完整信息，体现声音的完整深度和细节。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MIcGdQQMqoAOoxUHOGcVinzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Deut使用了和SymphonyDesktop相同的板载DSP处理技术，能够完全实现在声卡硬件上使用ECS通道条插件进行声音处理的功能，让零延迟并且带有效果处理的录音和实时监听成为可能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AscdyocoUiEcxNAyctEvh"},{"type"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个细小声音，让整个监听过程细腻且真实。三频均衡中高音清晰、低音量足同时音质纯美，可以接触到音乐中的灵魂。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyKAdYYEGoEksExQnOEcjFfSnNg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐耳机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HumdseooekYxykVjcsRGHnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、铁三角Mx","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JyeIdACOockOQxMTvrcGlZznEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MX的使用感受，其一，可换线设计，增加线材可玩性。其二，度旋转的耳罩，可以用作单耳监听，满足录音师的监听需求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AaICdSEuoiIexKCqcWFnLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"频率响应：～kHz，额定抗阻：欧姆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgKdoseouwUgxNycwfKrnf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐耳机","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"CWuidKEuKoMsimxQNPVLnqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、AKGK","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQAdMEoQoQqgAxHFxceEyInkB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"耳罩式设计舒适、准确塑形的D泡棉耳垫，以及一个皮质头箍，确保贴合头部。高解析少音染，耳机的声音风格适合小提琴等古典乐器的独奏，非常适合监听爱好者。拆卸方便，单边可拆卸耳机线，提供专业的迷你XLR接头，方便单边监听使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOdGyQYosqSxsYLchFztnxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"频率响应：～.kHz，额定抗阻：欧姆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGedswCioiwqoxodUhcgGFnAb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐耳机","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"PsMdSIAkoaAoaxoRxcJkenMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、拜亚DTPRO","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GGUdqEIOosqyYxeCrczBjnwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DTPro保证对信号的解释达到高精确水准。封闭式结构使其对外界噪声可衰减dB，即使在主监听扬声器面前，依旧可以不受影响地监听音乐。DTPro采用轻量化设计，贴合头部曲线，减轻头部压力。舒适佩戴感受，可以长时间聆听音乐不伤耳朵。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PquMdwouAoKmyOxYxacpIhbnYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"频率响应：～kHz，额定抗阻：欧姆/欧姆/欧姆。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PadyYSyoAwwExqQHcXMTtnPz"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐耳机","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"ZoIdyEKokSSyxeacOcVzVnrb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"监听音响","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QqOqdAGWoSAsOxCkwcYosnGh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐音响","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VSOdYKioMYmcxwxcGoRenWd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、真力","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RMSQdwQEEoEwMsxNcIUqwnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高性能反射导管深入人心的低频下潜，真力独创的流线型反射导管，去除了串窜流噪声。降低倒向口的空气流速。实现无压缩低频声音，使低频下潜更深，清晰度更高。有源主动式分频技术，无需额外添置昂贵的功率放大器。电子分频器将声音信号分为不同的频段，分别路由给对应的功率放大器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMmdgyUooUsAxQyZrcFsbSnZL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"宽阔的聆听范围，久听不累的舒适听感。高频单元周围的优雅弧度经过精密设计，实现对声波的精准控制，让最佳监听范围更加宽阔。不再固定在某个角度聆听，久听不累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NIUcdOSoesMYxdOcXbVnPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐音响","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"HIqdEWKoWoSaxcjkHTnmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、KRKV","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WwYUdMiGouEGxcOOcAyJbnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"KRKSystemsV系列近场录音棚监听，特别为注重精确还原的音频制作场合而设计。KRK与数百名专业工程师/制作人/调音师一起开发了这些突破性的监听扬声器。录音棚、演播室以及声音设计和音频制作室如果选择了V系列作为监听扬声器，一定会从中受惠。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PUcdcYeqoeiSoxuutcqVtnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"V系列包含种可由用户选择的均衡器设置，确保房间声学，位置不规则以及品味和个人喜好等因素都得到照顾。KRK设计团队精益求精地以数百个监听位置及房间声学条件进行了建模及分板，保证KRK生产出最实用的工具，而且只需要小的调整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KMmdMWWowsqQxXchewQng"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐音响","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"BciUdyakoSiUxeCxcHyDnTE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、雅马哈HS","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZgUdSYwwosaguxQzEzcJne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"HS系列采用了新的设计方案，高效的半球形高音单元大大扩展了可辨频段能提供高精度的高音。厚波导设计方案可以将振动降低至最小程度，因此这款全新设计的高音单元能平滑、无失真地再现高达kHz的高频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyKSdaScKogqSxUNwTcOsqbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具备超高响应能力的低音单元同样经过全新设计，通过采用精选的大型磁钢，使HS系列音箱在任何输出电平下都能释放低失真，高解析度的低频声音，这款强劲单元的音圈和喇叭框架等所有部件严格筛选，保证了HS系列同时具备震撼的低频和准确的中频。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BysIdYqQoOUxgbZcXOXMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐音响","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"AKCdksgsoCUmoxiCihcDQwnPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音频信号流程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwqOdCmoOyIqxCuLuciyNnXc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音频信号流程","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"GmwUdCOWeoyqyxkLcxcWUmYnHf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"音频线种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NEYWdyEOxaQzpcKskOnEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"音频线种类","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"NqegdwyIkogqcxUBoyctUIWnwh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设备连接","id":""}],"tex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text":"","id":"PIQdcoiWoYySkxANvqcafhnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编写弦乐通常需要做到与主旋律前呼后应、相辅相成，然后点上CB根音进行，再填写内声部，这是个关键，因为内声部不仅要起到和声的作用，还要有独立个性的旋律性，内声部的编写是需要功力的，这一点可以慢慢摸索练习。初写弦乐可以从长音着手，保持声部平稳流畅，同时起到丰满和声的效果，渐渐熟练后，就可以适当加入一些复调对位，增加曲子的推动力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScmgdiYmoQUOYxIJFAcJapenHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编曲流行配器四大件就是钢琴、吉他、鼓、贝斯。这四个乐器也是最常用的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YeCdOYyoiOCxvRdcpuGjnEg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨道命名法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IyUdaGoocuwUxaIcVIsnnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"很多编曲学习者的工程看起来比较杂乱，究其原因，无非是轨道命名没有统一的规则，给大家分享一套轨道命名方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ViecdcWOaoEGmoxUunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、大致的规则：乐器分组＋乐器名称（＋特殊技法＋特殊效果＋数字，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QymdKokogsQxuQcvzHHnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如：DRUMKICKHARD，表示的是：鼓组＋底鼓＋硬的；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DCUOdMmcWoOCuxczfcYBonqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"STRINGSVIOLINPIZZVERB，表示的是：弦乐组＋小提琴＋拨奏＋带混响效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OsSdAoImWMxxzcWjXnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、乐器分组，常见的有：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWYdCAUQosxqWkycbUFnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DRUM—鼓，PERC—打击乐，SFX一特殊效果，BASS—低音，KEYS—键盘，GUITAR—吉他，SYNTH—合成器，STRINGS—弦乐，WINDS—管乐，VOX—人声组，SAMPLE一采样，TONAL﹣音高乐器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IqedoMCmxGkzpcZzljnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、合并原则，即某类乐器轨数较少，可以合并到接近的分类去，","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOgUdeooUuoKxqGtJcvuGMnxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如：打击乐只有一两轨，合并到【DRUM﹣鼓组】;合成器只有两轨，合并到【KEYS﹣键盘组】。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IqOedeyMaoMwkxPctmhnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、分组不宜太多，一般控制在组以内，不过太少也不好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XiodGWeocYxPqTcapYRnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果吉他、键盘、合成器、弦乐、管乐等都只有一两轨，那么没有必要强行分组，默认它们都是TONAL组即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmuedQqUoQIeKxutOcOrTKntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、尽量使用英文，且所有英文大写，这样看起来会更统一些。多使用英文缩写，在不影响阅读的前提下，使用缩写效率会更高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaoedSMeEoywwKxiqWnctOnFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"轨道命名法","id":""}],"url":"","width":},"text":"","id":"RwcEduaOEomexYNRWzhf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意事项","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaEdImoUmIxUvJcgNynf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、自学会走很多弯路，建议找身边的有经验的编曲老师学习，或者网络课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACEEdEigoQMoxYVfScqlZnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、听具有代表性的音乐，听它的配器组成，找出与歌曲类似的乐器与织体，研究不同于其他风格的编配技巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FwCEdImeoqmUoxmECLcxFyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、如果想成为一名把最终听觉掌握在自己手中的编曲师，那就要尽量在前期完成大部分的混音。这方面的学习，可以直接买书学习，也可以上网站与论坛学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BUdMwokWkIxymiQcODYwnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、不排斥任何有音乐和声音展现的媒体在观看视频时，多留意音乐和声音出现时给自己带来的情绪上的变化，总结这些音乐和声音的模式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HydGoKmGxPUKyczXYtnnn"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓展知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HimGdckmooUUxukmlcgsahnd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编曲方向","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KidAUkwowuxMLcsjgLnBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"音乐人专辑、广告配乐、自媒体、影视配乐、游戏配乐、动漫配乐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GMOdEsowekgxwlpBcEDBgncb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"编曲风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ECQYdauieoUexYzyMLnUf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、钢琴为主的Pop流行风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQmgdOCwmouaExRowcydenM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个体系一般是比较柔和抒情的曲子，以钢琴作为主要的和声乐器。可以用到柱式、分解或者综合运用各种节奏型，主歌部分的鼓节奏可以用闭合击镲的音色支撑，到了副歌部分，为了突出织体，可以使用完整的鼓节奏。总体要求平稳，尽量不要切分。Bass的编写上不用太花哨，跟随强拍，使用长时值演奏。此外，为了更好地表现曲子的抒情性，可以加入一个pad音色进行融合，副歌部分可以加入弦乐来加厚织体。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OiydSIOWoMGxppcOgnbc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、吉他为主的Pop流行风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RuswdwOkQoWOcxgLvGcldc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个体系也主要是缓慢抒情的曲子，以吉他为主要和声乐器。可以选用尼龙弦吉他和钢丝弦吉他两种音色，钢丝弦吉他为主，尼龙弦吉他为辅，声像一左一右。鼓节奏可有选择稍硬朗一些的，有主干节奏作为骨架，为了增加主歌和副歌的对比，还可以加入军鼓的音色，当然，节奏需要加花推进的地方一定不要放弃使用。同样的，在副歌加入弦乐增加织体厚度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WiydqiqaoWSgqxqqCrcBfmnIy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"、Beat的流动织体风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NyMdSyaQokquxeKbFcmyJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格音符运动速度加快，音乐流动性增强，以十六分音符为基本时值单位，节奏平稳流畅，也是抒情类的Pop音乐体系。可以分别用尼龙弦吉他和电钢琴搭配作为和声乐器，使织体音乐色彩偏暖，突出音乐的抒情性。其中，尼龙弦吉他主要演奏主体的节奏音型，电钢琴则辅以和声形态的烘托，相辅相成。Bass同样是提供长时值的低音，有时也可稍加附点变化。鼓节奏安排上，可以用闭合击镲进行十六分音符的滚动式演奏，底鼓和军鼓进行节拍上的强弱搭配，军鼓则作为段落对比的重要手段，如前面可以用击鼓边的音色，后面可以用击鼓的音色。为了增加音乐流动感，还可以加入色彩性的打击乐器如沙球进行点缀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"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